04-17-2007, 10:03 PM
X-Posted from BR
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->SSridhar
BRFite
Joined: 05 May 2001
Posts: 2384
Location: Chennai
Posted: 17 Apr 2007Â Â Post subject:Â Â Â
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Quote:
S Valkan,
Not really.
Jinnah was invited to represent the Congress AND the Muslim League both early in his political career. etc.. .
The following may sound strange in view of the villainous role played by Jinnah in later years, but, <b>in 1905, when Curzon divided Bengal, Jinnah was solidly against it. Jinnah also did not join the Muslim League founded in 1906. Aga Khan, the first President of Muslim League denounced Jinnah as its "doughtiest opponent" for opposing the separate electorates. Jinnah said it was "a poisonous dose to divide the nation against itself". Both the "moderate" Gokhale and the "extremist" Tilak were very fond of Jinnah as he was towards them. Jinnah defended Tilak when he was tried for sedition in 1907. He again defended him successfully in 1916. In early part of the last century, the Congress leaders, irrespective of whether they belonged to the Tilak or the Gokhale group, looked upon Jinnah as a fine ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity.</b> There is no denying the fact that, whatever his later ambitions were, Jinnah worked closely with the Congress leaders at the national level until 1920.
The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act) of 1909 were the first attempt at an electoral college and it was introduced at the lowest level, the local councils or panchayats. That's when the British introduced separate electorates for Muslims. Whether the British induced the Simla deputation of Mussalmans to "ask for" separate electorates (in Oct. 1906) or the Muslims asked for it themselves is a moot point. In the Twentyfifth session of the Congress in 1910, Jinnah moved a resolution condemning the separate electorates for Muslims. In 1911, the Muslim League moved from Aligarh to Lucknow and came to be dominated by local heavyweights, referred to as the Lucknow Group. This group widened its net and came into contact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah by 1914. At the All India Muslim League meet in Agra in 1913, Jinnah attempted to persuade the League not to pass a resolution for the extension of separate electorates, though it failed because of fierce opposition from the powerful landowners of UP. <b>In fact, in 1915, when the Congress and the ML held the sessions in Bombay together, the situation became so bad that Jinnah had to lock himself up in the Taj Mahal hotel.</b>Many members of the Muslim League denounced Jinnah as an agent of the Hindus.In spite of this, he passed a resolution authorizing a joint session with the Congress to formulate a joint policy on political and administrative reforms.This was the Lucknow Pact of 1916, in framing of which none other than Tilak had a huge role. The pact had two parts, one dealing with separate electorates for Muslims and the other with political demands for the governance of the country. Of course, separate electorates was part of the Lucknow Pact, but it was not at all opposed by the Congress as by that time it had veered around to accepting that.
<b>It was in the 1920 Congress session that Jinnah defied Gandhi and decided to quit the Congress. By that time, the Gandhi-spearheaded Non-Cooperation Movement and the Khilafat agitation had catapulted Gandhi to a very central stage. </b>Jinnah said "I will have nothing to do with this pseudo-religious approach to politics. I part company with Gandhi and the Congress.". <b>He particularly deplored the Khilafat agitation. He was amazed, he said, that the Hindu leaders had not realized that this movement would encourage the Pan-Islamic sentiment and dilute the nationalism of Indian Muslim ! He went on to claim that the British were playing a nefarious game by making the Muslims believe that they could get a better deal from them than from the Congress !</b> In the February 1921 ML conference at Calcutta, Jinnah acknowledged the phenomenon of Gandhi and practically withdrew from the scene.
In Mar 1927, at the Muslim League convention in Delhi, Jinnah radically proposed (what later came to be known as Delhi Proposals), that separate electorates be given a go-by and this caused a huge rift within the ML. He also opposed the Simon commission along with the Congress due to the non-inclusion of any Indian in that commission to draft the Indian Constitution.Of course powerful Muslim leaders like Mohammed Shafi and Zafarullah Khan asked the Muslims to cooperate with the British. Even Allama Iqbal opposed Jinnah. A disillusioned Jinnah wanted to withdraw from politics because he felt the Hindus distrusted him and he had no support among Muslims. Of course, Gandhi had already assumed the mantle of the undisputed leader of India.He therefore sailed for London to practise law, away from Indian politics, in May 1928.
<b>When he returned to India, he was a totally changed man. He wanted to separate. That's a different story </b>
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
So there is a trip to London that changes people. Wonder what is ther in the fog <!--emo&
--><img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/wink.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='wink.gif' /><!--endemo-->
I think the GB interests in 1914 and in late 1920s were different and we see the outcome in 1947.
In 1914 they wanted a united India that would cooperate with the British Empire so that they could pursue their strategies peacefully. Gokhale and Tilak were getting too questioning.
By late 1920s they decided to leave India but divided so as to prevent a strong block forming in the sub-continent.
Still I dont blame the leaders for they made bread with the atta that was given to them.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->SSridhar
BRFite
Joined: 05 May 2001
Posts: 2384
Location: Chennai
Posted: 17 Apr 2007Â Â Post subject:Â Â Â
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quote:
S Valkan,
Not really.
Jinnah was invited to represent the Congress AND the Muslim League both early in his political career. etc.. .
The following may sound strange in view of the villainous role played by Jinnah in later years, but, <b>in 1905, when Curzon divided Bengal, Jinnah was solidly against it. Jinnah also did not join the Muslim League founded in 1906. Aga Khan, the first President of Muslim League denounced Jinnah as its "doughtiest opponent" for opposing the separate electorates. Jinnah said it was "a poisonous dose to divide the nation against itself". Both the "moderate" Gokhale and the "extremist" Tilak were very fond of Jinnah as he was towards them. Jinnah defended Tilak when he was tried for sedition in 1907. He again defended him successfully in 1916. In early part of the last century, the Congress leaders, irrespective of whether they belonged to the Tilak or the Gokhale group, looked upon Jinnah as a fine ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity.</b> There is no denying the fact that, whatever his later ambitions were, Jinnah worked closely with the Congress leaders at the national level until 1920.
The Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act) of 1909 were the first attempt at an electoral college and it was introduced at the lowest level, the local councils or panchayats. That's when the British introduced separate electorates for Muslims. Whether the British induced the Simla deputation of Mussalmans to "ask for" separate electorates (in Oct. 1906) or the Muslims asked for it themselves is a moot point. In the Twentyfifth session of the Congress in 1910, Jinnah moved a resolution condemning the separate electorates for Muslims. In 1911, the Muslim League moved from Aligarh to Lucknow and came to be dominated by local heavyweights, referred to as the Lucknow Group. This group widened its net and came into contact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah by 1914. At the All India Muslim League meet in Agra in 1913, Jinnah attempted to persuade the League not to pass a resolution for the extension of separate electorates, though it failed because of fierce opposition from the powerful landowners of UP. <b>In fact, in 1915, when the Congress and the ML held the sessions in Bombay together, the situation became so bad that Jinnah had to lock himself up in the Taj Mahal hotel.</b>Many members of the Muslim League denounced Jinnah as an agent of the Hindus.In spite of this, he passed a resolution authorizing a joint session with the Congress to formulate a joint policy on political and administrative reforms.This was the Lucknow Pact of 1916, in framing of which none other than Tilak had a huge role. The pact had two parts, one dealing with separate electorates for Muslims and the other with political demands for the governance of the country. Of course, separate electorates was part of the Lucknow Pact, but it was not at all opposed by the Congress as by that time it had veered around to accepting that.
<b>It was in the 1920 Congress session that Jinnah defied Gandhi and decided to quit the Congress. By that time, the Gandhi-spearheaded Non-Cooperation Movement and the Khilafat agitation had catapulted Gandhi to a very central stage. </b>Jinnah said "I will have nothing to do with this pseudo-religious approach to politics. I part company with Gandhi and the Congress.". <b>He particularly deplored the Khilafat agitation. He was amazed, he said, that the Hindu leaders had not realized that this movement would encourage the Pan-Islamic sentiment and dilute the nationalism of Indian Muslim ! He went on to claim that the British were playing a nefarious game by making the Muslims believe that they could get a better deal from them than from the Congress !</b> In the February 1921 ML conference at Calcutta, Jinnah acknowledged the phenomenon of Gandhi and practically withdrew from the scene.
In Mar 1927, at the Muslim League convention in Delhi, Jinnah radically proposed (what later came to be known as Delhi Proposals), that separate electorates be given a go-by and this caused a huge rift within the ML. He also opposed the Simon commission along with the Congress due to the non-inclusion of any Indian in that commission to draft the Indian Constitution.Of course powerful Muslim leaders like Mohammed Shafi and Zafarullah Khan asked the Muslims to cooperate with the British. Even Allama Iqbal opposed Jinnah. A disillusioned Jinnah wanted to withdraw from politics because he felt the Hindus distrusted him and he had no support among Muslims. Of course, Gandhi had already assumed the mantle of the undisputed leader of India.He therefore sailed for London to practise law, away from Indian politics, in May 1928.
<b>When he returned to India, he was a totally changed man. He wanted to separate. That's a different story </b>
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
So there is a trip to London that changes people. Wonder what is ther in the fog <!--emo&
--><img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/wink.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='wink.gif' /><!--endemo-->I think the GB interests in 1914 and in late 1920s were different and we see the outcome in 1947.
In 1914 they wanted a united India that would cooperate with the British Empire so that they could pursue their strategies peacefully. Gokhale and Tilak were getting too questioning.
By late 1920s they decided to leave India but divided so as to prevent a strong block forming in the sub-continent.
Still I dont blame the leaders for they made bread with the atta that was given to them.