Parkinsons is a motor disorder than is unknown in India. Many Indian physicians see their first Parkinsons patient only after traveling to the West, having encountered shuffling gaits and pill-rolling behaviors only in their textbooks. Haplo J is associated with a decreased risk for PD. Haplo J/T is known to originate out of India.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Mitochondrial polymorphisms significantly reduce the risk of Parkinson disease.
van der Walt JM, Nicodemus KK, ...
Mitochondrial (mt) impairment, particularly within complex I of the electron transport system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). More than half of mitochondrially encoded polypeptides form part of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) complex I enzyme. To test the hypothesis that mtDNA variation contributes to PD expression, we genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define the European mtDNA haplogroups in 609 white patients with PD and 340 unaffected white control subjects. Overall, <b>individuals classified as haplogroup J </b>(odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34-0.91; P=.02) or K (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30-0.90; P=.02) d<b>emonstrated a significant decrease in risk of PD versus individuals carrying the most common haplogroup, H. </b>Furthermore, a specific SNP that defines these two haplogroups, 10398G, is strongly associated with this protective effect (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.39-0.73; P=.0001). SNP 10398G causes a nonconservative amino acid change from threonine to alanine within the NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) of complex I. After stratification by sex, this decrease in risk appeared stronger in women than in men (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.71; P=.0009). In addition, SNP 9055A of ATP6 demonstrated a protective effect for women (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22-0.93; P=.03). Our results suggest that ND3 is an important factor in PD susceptibility among white individuals and could help explain the role of complex I in PD expression.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->mtDNA haplogroup cluster UKJT reduces the risk of Parkinson's
Ann Neurol. 57(4): 564-567
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup cluster UKJT reduces the risk of PD.
Pyle A et al
There is increasing evidence that genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA have an important role in the cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We determined the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup of 455 Parkinson's disease cases, 185 Alzheimer's disease cases, and 447 healthy English control subjects. T<b>he UKJT haplogroup cluster was associated with a 22% reduction in population-attributable risk for Parkinson's disease. </b>There was no association between individual haplogroups or the UKJT cluster and Alzheimer's disease, confirming that the association with Parkinson's disease was disease specific and not a general effect seen in all neurodegenerative diseases.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
K and U (europa) are also firmly anchored in India. infact JT is post neolithic. euro entry of K is just prior to that.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->www.flonnet.com/fl1909/19090780.htm
Dissecting Parkinsons
ASHA KRISHNAKUMAR
According to Professor N.H. Wadia, Director, Department of Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, studies show that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is the lowest among Nigerians, followed by Chinese, Japanese, Afro-Americans and Indians. The prevalence rate is higher in Western countries. For example, the incidence of the disease among Italians is 11 times higher than among the Chinese. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease varies across communities too. For instance, in India, the incidence of the disease is higher among Parsis. [drift?]
..In India, the crude age-adjusted prevalence rate of Parkinson's disease per 100,000 population is 14 in northern India, 27 in the south and 16 in the east, while it is 363 for Parsis in Mumbai. The rate is 100 to 200 in the U.K.
According to Uday Mutane, Assistant Professor, Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, who analysed neurons in 84 brains from brain banks in London and Bangalore, the loss of pigmented melanin cells in the Substantia nigra is 40 per cent lesser among Indians. The reasons are not clear.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Mitochondrial polymorphisms significantly reduce the risk of Parkinson disease.
van der Walt JM, Nicodemus KK, ...
Mitochondrial (mt) impairment, particularly within complex I of the electron transport system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). More than half of mitochondrially encoded polypeptides form part of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) complex I enzyme. To test the hypothesis that mtDNA variation contributes to PD expression, we genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define the European mtDNA haplogroups in 609 white patients with PD and 340 unaffected white control subjects. Overall, <b>individuals classified as haplogroup J </b>(odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34-0.91; P=.02) or K (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30-0.90; P=.02) d<b>emonstrated a significant decrease in risk of PD versus individuals carrying the most common haplogroup, H. </b>Furthermore, a specific SNP that defines these two haplogroups, 10398G, is strongly associated with this protective effect (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.39-0.73; P=.0001). SNP 10398G causes a nonconservative amino acid change from threonine to alanine within the NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) of complex I. After stratification by sex, this decrease in risk appeared stronger in women than in men (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.71; P=.0009). In addition, SNP 9055A of ATP6 demonstrated a protective effect for women (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22-0.93; P=.03). Our results suggest that ND3 is an important factor in PD susceptibility among white individuals and could help explain the role of complex I in PD expression.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->mtDNA haplogroup cluster UKJT reduces the risk of Parkinson's
Ann Neurol. 57(4): 564-567
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup cluster UKJT reduces the risk of PD.
Pyle A et al
There is increasing evidence that genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA have an important role in the cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We determined the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup of 455 Parkinson's disease cases, 185 Alzheimer's disease cases, and 447 healthy English control subjects. T<b>he UKJT haplogroup cluster was associated with a 22% reduction in population-attributable risk for Parkinson's disease. </b>There was no association between individual haplogroups or the UKJT cluster and Alzheimer's disease, confirming that the association with Parkinson's disease was disease specific and not a general effect seen in all neurodegenerative diseases.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
K and U (europa) are also firmly anchored in India. infact JT is post neolithic. euro entry of K is just prior to that.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->www.flonnet.com/fl1909/19090780.htm
Dissecting Parkinsons
ASHA KRISHNAKUMAR
According to Professor N.H. Wadia, Director, Department of Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, studies show that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is the lowest among Nigerians, followed by Chinese, Japanese, Afro-Americans and Indians. The prevalence rate is higher in Western countries. For example, the incidence of the disease among Italians is 11 times higher than among the Chinese. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease varies across communities too. For instance, in India, the incidence of the disease is higher among Parsis. [drift?]
..In India, the crude age-adjusted prevalence rate of Parkinson's disease per 100,000 population is 14 in northern India, 27 in the south and 16 in the east, while it is 363 for Parsis in Mumbai. The rate is 100 to 200 in the U.K.
According to Uday Mutane, Assistant Professor, Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, who analysed neurons in 84 brains from brain banks in London and Bangalore, the loss of pigmented melanin cells in the Substantia nigra is 40 per cent lesser among Indians. The reasons are not clear.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->