If you are genuinely interested, then my suggestion would be to first read Satyartha Prakash of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati, initial chapters. It does detoxify our minds from the venom of colonial/westernized mindset that most of us have to different extents.
Regarding Gomedh, Ashwamedh, Purushmedh. There are so many different meanings of these depending upon the context. Purushmedh - I have not come across. Probably you meant Naramedh.
Most generic meaning can be understood like this. All the three (and more) are produced by prefixing 'go-', 'ashwa-' and 'nara-' to base dhatu 'medha'. So let us first understand 'medha'.
As per Vedas, (and then detailed out in Yoga shastras, and also by Bhagwan Buddha), there are four 'statuses' of human mind: 'buddhi', 'medha', 'pragya' and finally 'ritambhara', these can be somewhat expressed in english as:
Buddhi - Ingenuity, cleverness, initiative, mental agility
Medha - Intelligence, intellect, brainpower, brilliance
Pragya - Intuition, inner vision, internal understanding, (not learning but understanding. Apara Vidya starts here)
Ritambhara - Insight, enlightenment, complete spiritual knowledge
Medha, brilliance, is the first refinement over Buddhi, the baseline state. So, in a very basic meaning, gomedha, ashwamedha, naramedha etc, classify the 'status' and 'tendency' of a human mind.
Gomedha: 'go' does not literally mean cow. go means sat, and cow is the finest representative of sat. There is no creature more sattvik and gentle than cow. That is why cow is ALSO called 'go'. But 'go' does not JUST mean cow. Other examples of usage of 'go => sat' are in words Govinda, Govardhana and Gomati. Gomedha means a mind which has attained the 'status' of intelligence/brilliance, and is having primarily sattvik tendencies. Likewise 'Ashwa-' and 'Nara-' denote some other specific qualities of a medha-status mind.
Beyond this meaning, Maharshi Dayananda had explained several other meanings too. For example, 'ruling a kingdom with justice' is also ashwamedha.
Trying to denote statuses and qualities of mind - Has even modern understanding of neurology and psychology attempted to do that?
Regarding Gomedh, Ashwamedh, Purushmedh. There are so many different meanings of these depending upon the context. Purushmedh - I have not come across. Probably you meant Naramedh.
Most generic meaning can be understood like this. All the three (and more) are produced by prefixing 'go-', 'ashwa-' and 'nara-' to base dhatu 'medha'. So let us first understand 'medha'.
As per Vedas, (and then detailed out in Yoga shastras, and also by Bhagwan Buddha), there are four 'statuses' of human mind: 'buddhi', 'medha', 'pragya' and finally 'ritambhara', these can be somewhat expressed in english as:
Buddhi - Ingenuity, cleverness, initiative, mental agility
Medha - Intelligence, intellect, brainpower, brilliance
Pragya - Intuition, inner vision, internal understanding, (not learning but understanding. Apara Vidya starts here)
Ritambhara - Insight, enlightenment, complete spiritual knowledge
Medha, brilliance, is the first refinement over Buddhi, the baseline state. So, in a very basic meaning, gomedha, ashwamedha, naramedha etc, classify the 'status' and 'tendency' of a human mind.
Gomedha: 'go' does not literally mean cow. go means sat, and cow is the finest representative of sat. There is no creature more sattvik and gentle than cow. That is why cow is ALSO called 'go'. But 'go' does not JUST mean cow. Other examples of usage of 'go => sat' are in words Govinda, Govardhana and Gomati. Gomedha means a mind which has attained the 'status' of intelligence/brilliance, and is having primarily sattvik tendencies. Likewise 'Ashwa-' and 'Nara-' denote some other specific qualities of a medha-status mind.
Beyond this meaning, Maharshi Dayananda had explained several other meanings too. For example, 'ruling a kingdom with justice' is also ashwamedha.
Trying to denote statuses and qualities of mind - Has even modern understanding of neurology and psychology attempted to do that?