<i><b>7.2 Dinesh D'Souza: Indian christian traitor, wrote "Two Cheers for colonialism"</b></i>
Dinesh D'Souzaâchristian apologist for genocideâwrote the following which he would have learnt at catholic/christian school (or alternatively, this is all his christian education <i>could</i> have led him to conclude):
http://www.r21online.com/2002/06/two-cheer...olonialism.html
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"My conclusion is that against their intentions the colonialists brought things to India that have immeasurably enriched the lives of the descendants of colonialism. It is doubtful that non-Western countries would have acquired these good things by themselves. It was the British who, applying a <b>universal notion of human rights</b>, in the early nineteenth century <b>abolished the ancient Indian institution of sati-the custom of tossing widows on the funeral pyre of their dead husbands</b>. There is no reason to believe that the Indians, who had practiced sati for centuries, would have reached such a conclusion on their own. Imagine an African or Indian king encountering the works of Locke or Madison and saying, "You know, I think those fellows have a good point. I should relinquish my power and let my people <b>decide whether they want me or someone else to rule</b>." Somehow, I don't see this as likely.
Colonialism was the transmission belt that brought to Asia, Africa, and South America <b>the blessings of Western civilization</b>. Many of those cultures continue to have serious <b>problems of tyranny, tribal and religious conflict, poverty, and underdevelopment, but this is not due to an excess of Western influence but due to the fact that those countries are insufficiently Westernized</b>. Sub-Saharan Africa, which is probably in the worst position, has been described by U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan as "a cocktail of disasters." But this is not because colonialism in Africa lasted so long but because it lasted a mere half-century. It was too short to permit Western institutions to take firm root. Consequently after their independence most African nations have retreated into a kind of tribal barbarism that can only be remedied with more Western influence, not less. Africa needs more Western capital, more technology, more rule-of-law, and more individual freedom."<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Dinesh has been studying the discredited catholic hagiographies for too long and so has started to assume that the christian propensity for mythmaking and history-rewriting can make inroads into <i>unconverted</i> people's knowledge of history as well. Tragically, he is to be disappointed, as that only works on christians and such sorts - those who like to 'believe', <i>in spite of</i> all the facts to the contrary.
The facts are:
a. It wasn't the British that taught Hindus democracy.
Historian Will Durant writes in Chapter 1 of <i>The Case For India</i>:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->India was the ...mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
An example.
(Original from the media outlet now presided over by christian-marxist N.Ram www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071151250300.htm)
<!--QuoteBegin-Bharatvarsh+May 23 2009, 08:12 PM-->QUOTE(Bharatvarsh @ May 23 2009, 08:12 PM)<!--QuoteEBegin--><!--QuoteBegin--><div class='quotetop'>QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Constitution 1,000 years ago
T.S.SUBRAMANIAM
A perfect electoral system existed, inscriptions found in Uthiramerur reveal.
Photos: S. Thanthoni
<img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250303.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
OUTSTANDING DOCUMENT: The mantapa of the Vaikuntaperumal temple.
It may be hard to believe that nearly 1,100 years ago, a village had a perfect electoral system and a written Constitution prescribing the mode of elections. It was inscribed on the walls of the village assembly (grama sabha mandapa), which was a re ctangular structure made of granite slabs. âThis inscription, dated around 920 A.D. in the reign of Parantaka Chola, is an outstanding document in the history of India,â says Dr. R. Nagaswamy, former Director, Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, referring to Uthiramerur in Chingleput district.
âIt is a veritable written Constitution of the village assembly that functioned 1,000 years ago,â Dr. Nagaswamy says in his book, âUthiramerur, the Historic Village in Tamil Nadu.â The book, in both Tamil and English, has been published by the Tamil Arts Academy, Chennai.
Dr. Nagaswamy says: âIt [the inscription] gives astonishing details about the constitution of wards, the qualification of candidates standing for elections, the disqualification norms, the mode of election, the constitution of committees with elected members, the functions of [those] committees, the power to remove the wrong-doer, etcâ¦â <img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250302.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
And that is not all. âOn the walls of the mandapa are inscribed a variety of secular transactions of the village, dealing with administrative, judicial, commercial, agricultural, transportation and irrigation regulations, as administered by the then village assembly, giving a vivid picture of the efficient administration of the village society in the bygone ages.â The villagers even had the right to recall the elected representatives if they failed in their duty!
It has a 1,250-year history
Uthiramerur has a 1,250-year history. It is situated in Kanchipuram district, about 90 km from Chennai. The Pallava king Nandivarman II established it around 750 A.D. It did exist earlier as a brahmin settlement. It was ruled by the Pallavas, the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Sambuvarayars, the Vijayanagara Rayas and the Nayaks. It has three important temples, the Sundara Varadaraja Perumal temple, the Subramanya temple and the Kailasanatha temple. Plans are under way for the conservation and restoration of the Kailasanatha temple, which is in ruins.
All the three temples have numerous inscriptions â those of the great Raja Raja Chola (985-1015 A.D.), his able son, Rajendra Chola and the Vijayanagar emperor Krishnadeva Raya. Both Rajendra Chola and Krishnadeva Raya visited Uthiramerur.
Uthiramerur, built as per the canons of the agama texts, has the village assembly mandapa exactly at the centre and all the temples are oriented with reference to the mandapa.
R. Vasanthakalyani, Chief Epigraphist-cum-Instructor and R. Sivanandam, epigraphist, both belonging to the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, said that while village assemblies might have existed prior to the period of Parantaka Chola, it was during his period that the village administration was honed into a perfect system through elections. âAbout 1,100 years ago, during the period of Paranataka Chola, Uthiramerur had an elected village panchayat system, which was a step ahead of the modern day democratic system,â she said.
According to Dr. Sivanandam, there were several places in Tamil Nadu where inscriptions are available on temple walls about the prevalence of village assemblies. These villages included Manur near Tirunelveli, Tiruninravur near Chennai, Manimangalam near Tambaram, Dadasamudram near Kanchipuram, Sithamalli and Thalaignayiru near Thanjavur, Jambai near Tirukovilur and Ponnamaravathy near Pudukottai. âBut it is at Uthiramerur on the walls of the village assembly (mandapa) itself, that we have the earliest inscriptions with complete information about how the elected village assembly functioned,â said Dr. Sivanandam. It is learnt that the entire village, including the infants, had to be present at the village assembly mandapa at Uthiramerur when the elections were held, pointed out Vasanthakalyani. Only the sick and those who had gone on a pilgrimage were exempt.
<img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250301.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
The Tamil inscriptions elaborate on the election procedure followed several centuries ago.
There were committees for the maintenance of irrigation tanks, roads, to provide relief during drought, testing of gold and so on. Sivanandam himself has written a book in Tamil called, âThe Archaeological Handbook of Kanchipuram district,â (published by the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology in 2008) in which he says the original sabha mandapaâs superstructure was made of timber and bricks. After the superstructure collapsed and only the base of the mandapa made of granite slabs remained, Kulotunga Chola I built a Vishnu temple on the base towards the end of the 11th century.
The village sabha mandapa, with its invaluable inscriptions, is now called Vaikuntaperumal temple. Dr. Nagaswamy says: âThe village assembly of Uttaramerur drafted the Constitution for the elections. The salient features were as follows: the village was divided into 30 wards, one representative elected for each. Specific qualifications were prescribed for those who wanted to contest. The essential criteria were age limit, possession of immovable property and minimum educational qualification. Those who wanted to be elected should be above 35 years of age and below 70â¦â
Only those who owned land, that attracted tax, could contest. Another interesting stipulation, according to Dr. Nagaswamy, was that such owners should have possessed a house built on legally-owned site (not on public poromboke). A person serving in any of the committees could not contest again for the next three terms, each term lasting a year. Elected members, who suffered disqualification, were those who accepted bribes, misappropriated othersâ property, committed incest or acted against public interest.
http://pseudosecularism.blogspot.com/2008/...-years-ago.html<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
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<!--QuoteBegin-Bharatvarsh+May 23 2009, 08:34 PM-->QUOTE(Bharatvarsh @ May 23 2009, 08:34 PM)<!--QuoteEBegin-->"February 2, 1939Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Systems of Governance
Nowadays people want the modern type of democracy- the parliamentary form of government. The parliamentary system is doomed. It has brought Europe to its present sorry passâ¦. [In India] one should begin with the old Panchayat system in the villages and then work up to the top. The Panchayat system and the guilds are more representative and they have a living contact with people; they are part of the peopleâs ideas. On the contrary, the parliamentary system with local bodies-the municipal councils-is not workable: these councils have no living contact with the people; the councilors make only platform speeches and nobody knows what they do for three or four years; at the end they reshuffle and rearrange the whole thing, making their own pile during their period of power."
http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/I...urobindo-5.aspx
"Water is one of the more serious problem areas of India and many other parts of the world. There was an ancient Indian system of talabs (water tanks) in every village. They were designed to collect and store rainwater for irrigation and for drinking. It was a function of the village panchayat to maintain and administer these water tanks. However, under colonial rule, village governance was subverted or abandoned, since the goal was to maximize tax collection through a network of British-appointed âdistrict collectorsâ. As native social structures were abandoned, many talabs went into disuse or misuse. Today, satellite pictures show only traces of what was once a massive network of man-made lakes."
http://www.indianscience.org/
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As for Dinesh D'Souza's preposterously insupportable claim that christian Britain's rule was civilising and brought 'human rights' and 'democracy' to India, the tyrannical nature of christian British reign in India was already seen in Will Durant's writings on the subject (in Section 6, post 46 above). Next to that, the following contains a British man's statements on the erstwhile totalitarian christian British empire, which summarise what its rule was truly like:
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/ConversionII.htm
Henry Mead author of <i>The Sepoy Revolt: Its Causes and Its Consequences</i> (1858)
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"the measureless folly of our ruleâ in India, a rule based, he declares, on âtorture and lawlessness, and the perpetual suffering of millionsâ. He traces in excruciating detail the system of torture employed by tax collectors of the raj and asserts that â<b>under Christian sway</b>,â the peasant population of India has been reduced almost to a state of âultimate wretchednessâ The British have imposed on India, he concludes, âa system of rule which is wholly destructiveâ<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
And what total ridiculousness for Dinesh D'Souza to say that the autocratic British could ever have instilled in Indians the idea of democracy. Does Dinesh imagine this was by <i>example</i>? The christian invaders wouldn't even allow Indians self-rule - in spite of all the money and the blood they stole from India - until they were finally ousted. No one asked them to come, no one wanted them to stay - in fact, Indians (though apparently not the rather ignorant, infatuated and grateful converts) most particularly wanted the lethal alien christian parasites to Quit India ('will of the majority'), but it took ages for the said christian infection to finally get the message and begone.
b. It wasn't the British that first banned Sati (and they did it purely for christian reasons), Hindu princely governments had already started discouraging the practice some decades before. Koenraad Elst writes in his article <i>Sati en andere zelfdoding</i> (Sati and other suicide):
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->...neither the written mentions of Sati, nor the eyewitness accounts drawn up by unbiased witnesses <i>in tempore non suspecto</i> ['in times above suspicion'] (especially British colonials), leave any doubt that in principle and usually also in practice itâs about voluntary self-immolation.
...<b>the ban on Sati by the British was established in 1829 not as a ban on a particular form of murder (superfluous, because of its inclusion in the general ban on murder), but as a ban on suicide, namely from the christian taboo on suicide</b>...
...
In India, besides the Rajputs, the martial Marathas and Sikhs also knew this custom, though to a lesser extent. Other castes did not know this practice at all or specifically disapproved of it, in particular the Brahmanas (although they too practised Sati in British Bengal, in particular after the modernisation of the law of succession). In most duty-prescribing books (400 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.?), Manu and Yajnavalkya among others, there is no mention of widow-burning at all. Only the Vishnu Dharmashastra gives the widow the choice between celibacy and self-immolation.
...
Of more import for the biased westerner is rather, that also the unsuspectable British shared the opinion that the widows involved carried out their Sati voluntarily. Before the British rule banned this practice in 1829 on Lord Bentinckâs initiative, it had a report drawn up with the significant title: â<i>The Report on Hindu Widows and <b>Voluntary</b> Immolations</i>â. H.T. Colebrooke, H.H. Wilson, Jonathan Duncan and other British authorities advised against a legal ban on Sati, because this ritual does not occur under duress/coercion.
...
That the British forbade the practice of Sati, was not a measure against murder, but against suicide. As was and is known, suicide is forbidden in christianism; in some countries there was even the death penalty for attempts at suicide. In India however, people have always judged it differently.
...
<b>Around 1800, about thirty years before the British administrator Lord Bentinck issued a ban on Sati in Bengal, the Hindu governments in some princely states had already issued orders to discourage Sati, in particular the Maratha government in Sawantwadi and the Brahmana government in Pune.</b> With this, they concretised the anti-Sati policy of the Maratha queen Ahalyabai who passed away in 1795. Even within the Hindu tradition there has been, at least since Medhatithiâs commentary on the Manu Smriti (900 C.E.?), always a stream that rejected Sati. The Shakta or Tantra stream was very explicit in this.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Compare the voluntary nature of Sati (which is suicide) with the largescale christian torture and <i>murder</i> of women on charges of witchcraftâ<i>murder</i>, because it was entirely against the will of the victims. The figures of christianism's genocide of Europe's womenfolk once again run in the millions:
http://secweb.infidels.org/?kiosk=articles&id=176
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->In "The Crone: Woman of Age, Wisdom, and Power" by Barbara G. Walker the <b>number of witches slaughtered</b> was estimated by scholars to be 7 to 9 million also. <b>Will Durant, in his 12 volume History of Civilization sets the figure also at 7 to 9 million.</b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
c. The christians of Britain didn't even approve of 'the universal notion of human rights' when it finally cropped up inside its own boundaries. Instead, christianism's god-ordained class-system militated against it. Even the book <i>The Rights of Man</i> by their own fellow Englishman Thomas Paineâwhich advocated universal human rights in the face of the debilitating and entrenched christian class-system of Britainâwas proscribed in Britain and he was persecuted for writing it.
http://www.cygnus-study.com/pagepaine.html
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Once in England, Thomas Paine wrote the well known book, "Rights of Man". In the book he wrote that all people were of the same mother and as such deserved the same equal treatment. He wrote that the upper ruling class was there by birth and not through some feat or divine placement. Needless to say, this text caused BIG trouble in the monarchy of England.
...
Immediately upon publication in England, the Rights of Man was suppressed. The author was indicted. Those who published it and those who sold it were arrested. To avoid arrest and probable death, Paine left England. However, his ideas had left their mark on the nation and the English people today enjoy a freedom that stems back to those who rallied around Paine's text.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
The book naturally became popular in revolutionary France where its admirable contents for Equality were appreciated. (Note that Thomas Paine was a Deist and also wrote <i>The Age of Reason</i> which exposed the myths, fallacies, lies and outright falsehood of christianism.)
d. "The blessings of Western civilization" referred to by the christian Dinesh D'Souza is a Goebbelsian lie. As is his statement that christianism ('westernisation') wasn't the cause of the strife, poverty and misery of the colonised nations. All the data collated here so far, including from Will Durant's <i>The Case for India</i>, is an uninterrupted sequence of indictments of the atrocities of christian colonialism (aka genocide) of Bharatam under the British. The christian Portuguese were no better: the Goan Inquisition and destruction of Temples and Hindus was but more of the same 'blessings' that christian 'civilisation' brings.
For more information, however, see the description of Gert von Paczensky's book <i>Teurer Segen - Christliche Mission und Kolonialismus</i> (<b>Costly blessing - Christian mission and colonialism</b>) at http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4e.htm#MissionsColonialism
e. Dinesh D'Souza's typically christian racist nonsense against Africans is also filled with monumental falsehoods, needless to say. For how much christianism (in the form of christian colonialism) is to blame for the ethnic conflict, warfare, genocide, famines and poverty of Africa, see:
- http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4b.htm#Congo on the christian colonisation of the Congo by catholicism (see below), which reduced the Congolese to abject poverty and resulted in the genocide of "10 million Congolese" (Guardian, 2005). Other African nations colonised/enslaved by christianism were not much better off.
<i>Christianity, Slavery and Labour, by Chapman Cohen (1931): </i>
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->A population of about two millions was converted by a stroke of the pen into a nation of slaves, under the control of officials whose brutalities beggar description. The Belgian Secretary of State wrote to the Governor-General that the officials "must neglect no means of exploiting the forests," and they did not. They were paid a bonus on the rubber and ivory collected, and at the point of the rifle and to the crack of the whip the natives were driven forth to collect what was required.
Villages were raided, the natives seized, and released in order to collect the ivory and rubber. Nearly fourteen million pounds' worth of goods was forced from the natives in seven years. If the people refused or rebelled, or failed to bring in what was required, punishment--death or mutilation, or death and mutilation--followed. Some few travellers and missionaries sent home to England and America reports of the atrocities--reports that were discreetly shelved.
The native troops employed proved their zeal in bringing back to their officers the severed hands of those who had been murdered--in one case 160 hands, in other cases fifty or eighty. This, said our own Consul, was not the native custom; it was "the deliberate act of the soldiers of a European administration...obeying the positive orders of their superiors." The photographs published in Mark Twain's book of the children so treated place the fact of the mutilations beyond doubt.
...
Whole districts were depopulated. Of eight villages with a population of over 3,000, only ten persons were left. Of another district the population dropped in fifteen years from 50,000 to 5,000. The Bolangi tribe, formerly numbering 40,000 sank to 8,000. King Leopold, it is calculated, netted a profit of between three and five millions sterling, and could call God to witness the purity of his motives and his desire to <b>promote civilisation</b>.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
- http://faculty.vassar.edu/tilongma/Church&Genocide.html <i>Christian Churches and Genocide in Rwanda</i>, a paper by Timothy Longman, Vassar College. Revision of paper originally prepared for Conference on Genocide, Religion, and Modernity. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, May 11-13, 1997.
This paper describes how christianism invented the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic categories and then how christianism created the ethnic conflict, kept on stoking it until it reached a crescendo, and how christianism ultimately orchestrated the Rwandan Genocide. Naturally, the faithful Catholic and Protestant churches of Rwanda <i>participated</i> in the actual massacres as well (see the end of http://freetruth.50webs.org/D3.htm#Africa ).
- In fact, see all of the brief (and obviously incomplete) history of christianism in Africa at http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4b.htm
Considering all the above, it <b>must</b> be that when Dinesh D'Souza speaks of the benefits bestowed by colonialism, he is speaking only of his own christian brethren and converted ancestors in India who would ultimately have been the sole recipients of these benefits. (For example, Britain kept giving huge swathes of Hindu Temple lands to christian churches, thus making them now into "the largest landowners in India after the government", see http://hamsa.org/interview.htm ). No wonder those sharing in the loot are grateful.
Dinesh D'Souzaâchristian apologist for genocideâwrote the following which he would have learnt at catholic/christian school (or alternatively, this is all his christian education <i>could</i> have led him to conclude):
http://www.r21online.com/2002/06/two-cheer...olonialism.html
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"My conclusion is that against their intentions the colonialists brought things to India that have immeasurably enriched the lives of the descendants of colonialism. It is doubtful that non-Western countries would have acquired these good things by themselves. It was the British who, applying a <b>universal notion of human rights</b>, in the early nineteenth century <b>abolished the ancient Indian institution of sati-the custom of tossing widows on the funeral pyre of their dead husbands</b>. There is no reason to believe that the Indians, who had practiced sati for centuries, would have reached such a conclusion on their own. Imagine an African or Indian king encountering the works of Locke or Madison and saying, "You know, I think those fellows have a good point. I should relinquish my power and let my people <b>decide whether they want me or someone else to rule</b>." Somehow, I don't see this as likely.
Colonialism was the transmission belt that brought to Asia, Africa, and South America <b>the blessings of Western civilization</b>. Many of those cultures continue to have serious <b>problems of tyranny, tribal and religious conflict, poverty, and underdevelopment, but this is not due to an excess of Western influence but due to the fact that those countries are insufficiently Westernized</b>. Sub-Saharan Africa, which is probably in the worst position, has been described by U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan as "a cocktail of disasters." But this is not because colonialism in Africa lasted so long but because it lasted a mere half-century. It was too short to permit Western institutions to take firm root. Consequently after their independence most African nations have retreated into a kind of tribal barbarism that can only be remedied with more Western influence, not less. Africa needs more Western capital, more technology, more rule-of-law, and more individual freedom."<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Dinesh has been studying the discredited catholic hagiographies for too long and so has started to assume that the christian propensity for mythmaking and history-rewriting can make inroads into <i>unconverted</i> people's knowledge of history as well. Tragically, he is to be disappointed, as that only works on christians and such sorts - those who like to 'believe', <i>in spite of</i> all the facts to the contrary.
The facts are:
a. It wasn't the British that taught Hindus democracy.
Historian Will Durant writes in Chapter 1 of <i>The Case For India</i>:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->India was the ...mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
An example.
(Original from the media outlet now presided over by christian-marxist N.Ram www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071151250300.htm)
<!--QuoteBegin-Bharatvarsh+May 23 2009, 08:12 PM-->QUOTE(Bharatvarsh @ May 23 2009, 08:12 PM)<!--QuoteEBegin--><!--QuoteBegin--><div class='quotetop'>QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Constitution 1,000 years ago
T.S.SUBRAMANIAM
A perfect electoral system existed, inscriptions found in Uthiramerur reveal.
Photos: S. Thanthoni
<img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250303.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
OUTSTANDING DOCUMENT: The mantapa of the Vaikuntaperumal temple.
It may be hard to believe that nearly 1,100 years ago, a village had a perfect electoral system and a written Constitution prescribing the mode of elections. It was inscribed on the walls of the village assembly (grama sabha mandapa), which was a re ctangular structure made of granite slabs. âThis inscription, dated around 920 A.D. in the reign of Parantaka Chola, is an outstanding document in the history of India,â says Dr. R. Nagaswamy, former Director, Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, referring to Uthiramerur in Chingleput district.
âIt is a veritable written Constitution of the village assembly that functioned 1,000 years ago,â Dr. Nagaswamy says in his book, âUthiramerur, the Historic Village in Tamil Nadu.â The book, in both Tamil and English, has been published by the Tamil Arts Academy, Chennai.
Dr. Nagaswamy says: âIt [the inscription] gives astonishing details about the constitution of wards, the qualification of candidates standing for elections, the disqualification norms, the mode of election, the constitution of committees with elected members, the functions of [those] committees, the power to remove the wrong-doer, etcâ¦â <img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250302.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
And that is not all. âOn the walls of the mandapa are inscribed a variety of secular transactions of the village, dealing with administrative, judicial, commercial, agricultural, transportation and irrigation regulations, as administered by the then village assembly, giving a vivid picture of the efficient administration of the village society in the bygone ages.â The villagers even had the right to recall the elected representatives if they failed in their duty!
It has a 1,250-year history
Uthiramerur has a 1,250-year history. It is situated in Kanchipuram district, about 90 km from Chennai. The Pallava king Nandivarman II established it around 750 A.D. It did exist earlier as a brahmin settlement. It was ruled by the Pallavas, the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Sambuvarayars, the Vijayanagara Rayas and the Nayaks. It has three important temples, the Sundara Varadaraja Perumal temple, the Subramanya temple and the Kailasanatha temple. Plans are under way for the conservation and restoration of the Kailasanatha temple, which is in ruins.
All the three temples have numerous inscriptions â those of the great Raja Raja Chola (985-1015 A.D.), his able son, Rajendra Chola and the Vijayanagar emperor Krishnadeva Raya. Both Rajendra Chola and Krishnadeva Raya visited Uthiramerur.
Uthiramerur, built as per the canons of the agama texts, has the village assembly mandapa exactly at the centre and all the temples are oriented with reference to the mandapa.
R. Vasanthakalyani, Chief Epigraphist-cum-Instructor and R. Sivanandam, epigraphist, both belonging to the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology, said that while village assemblies might have existed prior to the period of Parantaka Chola, it was during his period that the village administration was honed into a perfect system through elections. âAbout 1,100 years ago, during the period of Paranataka Chola, Uthiramerur had an elected village panchayat system, which was a step ahead of the modern day democratic system,â she said.
According to Dr. Sivanandam, there were several places in Tamil Nadu where inscriptions are available on temple walls about the prevalence of village assemblies. These villages included Manur near Tirunelveli, Tiruninravur near Chennai, Manimangalam near Tambaram, Dadasamudram near Kanchipuram, Sithamalli and Thalaignayiru near Thanjavur, Jambai near Tirukovilur and Ponnamaravathy near Pudukottai. âBut it is at Uthiramerur on the walls of the village assembly (mandapa) itself, that we have the earliest inscriptions with complete information about how the elected village assembly functioned,â said Dr. Sivanandam. It is learnt that the entire village, including the infants, had to be present at the village assembly mandapa at Uthiramerur when the elections were held, pointed out Vasanthakalyani. Only the sick and those who had gone on a pilgrimage were exempt.
<img src='http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/images/2008071151250301.jpg' border='0' alt='user posted image' />
The Tamil inscriptions elaborate on the election procedure followed several centuries ago.
There were committees for the maintenance of irrigation tanks, roads, to provide relief during drought, testing of gold and so on. Sivanandam himself has written a book in Tamil called, âThe Archaeological Handbook of Kanchipuram district,â (published by the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology in 2008) in which he says the original sabha mandapaâs superstructure was made of timber and bricks. After the superstructure collapsed and only the base of the mandapa made of granite slabs remained, Kulotunga Chola I built a Vishnu temple on the base towards the end of the 11th century.
The village sabha mandapa, with its invaluable inscriptions, is now called Vaikuntaperumal temple. Dr. Nagaswamy says: âThe village assembly of Uttaramerur drafted the Constitution for the elections. The salient features were as follows: the village was divided into 30 wards, one representative elected for each. Specific qualifications were prescribed for those who wanted to contest. The essential criteria were age limit, possession of immovable property and minimum educational qualification. Those who wanted to be elected should be above 35 years of age and below 70â¦â
Only those who owned land, that attracted tax, could contest. Another interesting stipulation, according to Dr. Nagaswamy, was that such owners should have possessed a house built on legally-owned site (not on public poromboke). A person serving in any of the committees could not contest again for the next three terms, each term lasting a year. Elected members, who suffered disqualification, were those who accepted bribes, misappropriated othersâ property, committed incest or acted against public interest.
http://pseudosecularism.blogspot.com/2008/...-years-ago.html<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
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<!--QuoteBegin-Bharatvarsh+May 23 2009, 08:34 PM-->QUOTE(Bharatvarsh @ May 23 2009, 08:34 PM)<!--QuoteEBegin-->"February 2, 1939Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Systems of Governance
Nowadays people want the modern type of democracy- the parliamentary form of government. The parliamentary system is doomed. It has brought Europe to its present sorry passâ¦. [In India] one should begin with the old Panchayat system in the villages and then work up to the top. The Panchayat system and the guilds are more representative and they have a living contact with people; they are part of the peopleâs ideas. On the contrary, the parliamentary system with local bodies-the municipal councils-is not workable: these councils have no living contact with the people; the councilors make only platform speeches and nobody knows what they do for three or four years; at the end they reshuffle and rearrange the whole thing, making their own pile during their period of power."
http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/I...urobindo-5.aspx
"Water is one of the more serious problem areas of India and many other parts of the world. There was an ancient Indian system of talabs (water tanks) in every village. They were designed to collect and store rainwater for irrigation and for drinking. It was a function of the village panchayat to maintain and administer these water tanks. However, under colonial rule, village governance was subverted or abandoned, since the goal was to maximize tax collection through a network of British-appointed âdistrict collectorsâ. As native social structures were abandoned, many talabs went into disuse or misuse. Today, satellite pictures show only traces of what was once a massive network of man-made lakes."
http://www.indianscience.org/
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As for Dinesh D'Souza's preposterously insupportable claim that christian Britain's rule was civilising and brought 'human rights' and 'democracy' to India, the tyrannical nature of christian British reign in India was already seen in Will Durant's writings on the subject (in Section 6, post 46 above). Next to that, the following contains a British man's statements on the erstwhile totalitarian christian British empire, which summarise what its rule was truly like:
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/ConversionII.htm
Henry Mead author of <i>The Sepoy Revolt: Its Causes and Its Consequences</i> (1858)
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"the measureless folly of our ruleâ in India, a rule based, he declares, on âtorture and lawlessness, and the perpetual suffering of millionsâ. He traces in excruciating detail the system of torture employed by tax collectors of the raj and asserts that â<b>under Christian sway</b>,â the peasant population of India has been reduced almost to a state of âultimate wretchednessâ The British have imposed on India, he concludes, âa system of rule which is wholly destructiveâ<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
And what total ridiculousness for Dinesh D'Souza to say that the autocratic British could ever have instilled in Indians the idea of democracy. Does Dinesh imagine this was by <i>example</i>? The christian invaders wouldn't even allow Indians self-rule - in spite of all the money and the blood they stole from India - until they were finally ousted. No one asked them to come, no one wanted them to stay - in fact, Indians (though apparently not the rather ignorant, infatuated and grateful converts) most particularly wanted the lethal alien christian parasites to Quit India ('will of the majority'), but it took ages for the said christian infection to finally get the message and begone.
b. It wasn't the British that first banned Sati (and they did it purely for christian reasons), Hindu princely governments had already started discouraging the practice some decades before. Koenraad Elst writes in his article <i>Sati en andere zelfdoding</i> (Sati and other suicide):
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->...neither the written mentions of Sati, nor the eyewitness accounts drawn up by unbiased witnesses <i>in tempore non suspecto</i> ['in times above suspicion'] (especially British colonials), leave any doubt that in principle and usually also in practice itâs about voluntary self-immolation.
...<b>the ban on Sati by the British was established in 1829 not as a ban on a particular form of murder (superfluous, because of its inclusion in the general ban on murder), but as a ban on suicide, namely from the christian taboo on suicide</b>...
...
In India, besides the Rajputs, the martial Marathas and Sikhs also knew this custom, though to a lesser extent. Other castes did not know this practice at all or specifically disapproved of it, in particular the Brahmanas (although they too practised Sati in British Bengal, in particular after the modernisation of the law of succession). In most duty-prescribing books (400 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.?), Manu and Yajnavalkya among others, there is no mention of widow-burning at all. Only the Vishnu Dharmashastra gives the widow the choice between celibacy and self-immolation.
...
Of more import for the biased westerner is rather, that also the unsuspectable British shared the opinion that the widows involved carried out their Sati voluntarily. Before the British rule banned this practice in 1829 on Lord Bentinckâs initiative, it had a report drawn up with the significant title: â<i>The Report on Hindu Widows and <b>Voluntary</b> Immolations</i>â. H.T. Colebrooke, H.H. Wilson, Jonathan Duncan and other British authorities advised against a legal ban on Sati, because this ritual does not occur under duress/coercion.
...
That the British forbade the practice of Sati, was not a measure against murder, but against suicide. As was and is known, suicide is forbidden in christianism; in some countries there was even the death penalty for attempts at suicide. In India however, people have always judged it differently.
...
<b>Around 1800, about thirty years before the British administrator Lord Bentinck issued a ban on Sati in Bengal, the Hindu governments in some princely states had already issued orders to discourage Sati, in particular the Maratha government in Sawantwadi and the Brahmana government in Pune.</b> With this, they concretised the anti-Sati policy of the Maratha queen Ahalyabai who passed away in 1795. Even within the Hindu tradition there has been, at least since Medhatithiâs commentary on the Manu Smriti (900 C.E.?), always a stream that rejected Sati. The Shakta or Tantra stream was very explicit in this.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Compare the voluntary nature of Sati (which is suicide) with the largescale christian torture and <i>murder</i> of women on charges of witchcraftâ<i>murder</i>, because it was entirely against the will of the victims. The figures of christianism's genocide of Europe's womenfolk once again run in the millions:
http://secweb.infidels.org/?kiosk=articles&id=176
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->In "The Crone: Woman of Age, Wisdom, and Power" by Barbara G. Walker the <b>number of witches slaughtered</b> was estimated by scholars to be 7 to 9 million also. <b>Will Durant, in his 12 volume History of Civilization sets the figure also at 7 to 9 million.</b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
c. The christians of Britain didn't even approve of 'the universal notion of human rights' when it finally cropped up inside its own boundaries. Instead, christianism's god-ordained class-system militated against it. Even the book <i>The Rights of Man</i> by their own fellow Englishman Thomas Paineâwhich advocated universal human rights in the face of the debilitating and entrenched christian class-system of Britainâwas proscribed in Britain and he was persecuted for writing it.
http://www.cygnus-study.com/pagepaine.html
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Once in England, Thomas Paine wrote the well known book, "Rights of Man". In the book he wrote that all people were of the same mother and as such deserved the same equal treatment. He wrote that the upper ruling class was there by birth and not through some feat or divine placement. Needless to say, this text caused BIG trouble in the monarchy of England.
...
Immediately upon publication in England, the Rights of Man was suppressed. The author was indicted. Those who published it and those who sold it were arrested. To avoid arrest and probable death, Paine left England. However, his ideas had left their mark on the nation and the English people today enjoy a freedom that stems back to those who rallied around Paine's text.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
The book naturally became popular in revolutionary France where its admirable contents for Equality were appreciated. (Note that Thomas Paine was a Deist and also wrote <i>The Age of Reason</i> which exposed the myths, fallacies, lies and outright falsehood of christianism.)
d. "The blessings of Western civilization" referred to by the christian Dinesh D'Souza is a Goebbelsian lie. As is his statement that christianism ('westernisation') wasn't the cause of the strife, poverty and misery of the colonised nations. All the data collated here so far, including from Will Durant's <i>The Case for India</i>, is an uninterrupted sequence of indictments of the atrocities of christian colonialism (aka genocide) of Bharatam under the British. The christian Portuguese were no better: the Goan Inquisition and destruction of Temples and Hindus was but more of the same 'blessings' that christian 'civilisation' brings.
For more information, however, see the description of Gert von Paczensky's book <i>Teurer Segen - Christliche Mission und Kolonialismus</i> (<b>Costly blessing - Christian mission and colonialism</b>) at http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4e.htm#MissionsColonialism
e. Dinesh D'Souza's typically christian racist nonsense against Africans is also filled with monumental falsehoods, needless to say. For how much christianism (in the form of christian colonialism) is to blame for the ethnic conflict, warfare, genocide, famines and poverty of Africa, see:
- http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4b.htm#Congo on the christian colonisation of the Congo by catholicism (see below), which reduced the Congolese to abject poverty and resulted in the genocide of "10 million Congolese" (Guardian, 2005). Other African nations colonised/enslaved by christianism were not much better off.
<i>Christianity, Slavery and Labour, by Chapman Cohen (1931): </i>
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->A population of about two millions was converted by a stroke of the pen into a nation of slaves, under the control of officials whose brutalities beggar description. The Belgian Secretary of State wrote to the Governor-General that the officials "must neglect no means of exploiting the forests," and they did not. They were paid a bonus on the rubber and ivory collected, and at the point of the rifle and to the crack of the whip the natives were driven forth to collect what was required.
Villages were raided, the natives seized, and released in order to collect the ivory and rubber. Nearly fourteen million pounds' worth of goods was forced from the natives in seven years. If the people refused or rebelled, or failed to bring in what was required, punishment--death or mutilation, or death and mutilation--followed. Some few travellers and missionaries sent home to England and America reports of the atrocities--reports that were discreetly shelved.
The native troops employed proved their zeal in bringing back to their officers the severed hands of those who had been murdered--in one case 160 hands, in other cases fifty or eighty. This, said our own Consul, was not the native custom; it was "the deliberate act of the soldiers of a European administration...obeying the positive orders of their superiors." The photographs published in Mark Twain's book of the children so treated place the fact of the mutilations beyond doubt.
...
Whole districts were depopulated. Of eight villages with a population of over 3,000, only ten persons were left. Of another district the population dropped in fifteen years from 50,000 to 5,000. The Bolangi tribe, formerly numbering 40,000 sank to 8,000. King Leopold, it is calculated, netted a profit of between three and five millions sterling, and could call God to witness the purity of his motives and his desire to <b>promote civilisation</b>.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
- http://faculty.vassar.edu/tilongma/Church&Genocide.html <i>Christian Churches and Genocide in Rwanda</i>, a paper by Timothy Longman, Vassar College. Revision of paper originally prepared for Conference on Genocide, Religion, and Modernity. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, May 11-13, 1997.
This paper describes how christianism invented the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic categories and then how christianism created the ethnic conflict, kept on stoking it until it reached a crescendo, and how christianism ultimately orchestrated the Rwandan Genocide. Naturally, the faithful Catholic and Protestant churches of Rwanda <i>participated</i> in the actual massacres as well (see the end of http://freetruth.50webs.org/D3.htm#Africa ).
- In fact, see all of the brief (and obviously incomplete) history of christianism in Africa at http://freetruth.50webs.org/A4b.htm
Considering all the above, it <b>must</b> be that when Dinesh D'Souza speaks of the benefits bestowed by colonialism, he is speaking only of his own christian brethren and converted ancestors in India who would ultimately have been the sole recipients of these benefits. (For example, Britain kept giving huge swathes of Hindu Temple lands to christian churches, thus making them now into "the largest landowners in India after the government", see http://hamsa.org/interview.htm ). No wonder those sharing in the loot are grateful.