What DNA Says About Aryan Invasion Theory -2

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Hi dhu,

This is my first post in this forum. Thank you very much for your informative posts. You along with others have done lot of work.

I for one think that it is time one buries AIT once and for all. Recently I was discussing with a friend who is an AIT supporter. And even after I presented him with Oppenheimer's genetic proof that AIT is wrong, he countered me with a paper published in 2007 done by Tatiana Zerjal et al - " Y-chromosomal insights into the genetic impact of the caste system in India" .

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlere...i?artid=2590678

which goes on to say that because of less diversity (based on haplogroup frequencies on Y chromosome) observed in Jaunpur Brahmins and Kshatriyas as compared to dalits of that region. And that this proves the following :

<b>Four main conclusions can be drawn from these combined findings. First, the Jaunpur district shows a marked reduction in genetic diversity when compared to the rest of India, but this reduction is restricted to the upper castes and is not detectable in the other castes. Second, the Brahmins and Kshatriyas from Jaunpur show a high level of genetic substructuring that is most probably the combined result of a founder effect and social stratification, rather than geography or other factors that are shared by the different castes. Third, Y-chromosomal gene flow between castes was low, <1% per generation. Fourth, no evident genetic differentiation was seen in the other Jaunpur castes, perhaps due to larger population sizes, greater gene flow among them, or a combination of these factors.</b><b>

They claim that Jaunpur district was selected for this study for reasons unconnected to its genetic makeup, which had not been investigated prior to this work.</b>

I find the conclusions very dubious, how can one extrapolate from a sub group to an universal group and say that hence caste system existed since thousands of years and hence AIT is valid? is my reasoning correct? I am not a geneticist so not sure what is wrong with their conclusions except that it is too localized....please comment.

I have one more question, this is regarding morphological differences between higher castes and tribes as a proof for the support of AIT. I understand the differences in skin color but not sure how one can account for morphological differences like broad noses, etc etc. Could you also please comment on that?

Thanks in advance.