Unmasking AIT

[Husky]

Related to the previous.



Detail added to previous post:

EDITED: Although this article is from DEC 2014, while Haak et al (submitted end DEC 2014, pub Feb 2015) and more importantly Mathieson et al were published in 2015 with sampled aDNAs from the steppes including Sintashta,

the argument is still that that there's no EHG (Eastern European Hunter Gatherer or something) genetic component in Indians and Armenians.



news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/12/the-surprising-origins-of-europeans/

The surprising origins of Europeans

Researchers discuss new theories on human migration revealed by sophisticated DNA tests

December 3, 2014 | Editor's Pick



[...]



Patterson said that linguistic evidence has tracked the ancestral language, called “late proto-Indo-European” to about 3,500 years ago in the Caucasus, among a people who had wheeled vehicles at a time when they were just being put into use.



Genetic evidence ruled out one likely related group in the region, the Yamnaya, because their DNA showed the group had hunter-gatherer ancestry, which is inconsistent with the fact that two Indo-European groups, Armenians and Indians, don’t share it, Patterson said. That made Patterson look south, to the Maikop civilization, which likely had significant contact with the Yamnaya, as a plausible culture where Indo-European languages originated. Samples have been obtained from Maikop burial sites, but the DNA work to test that proposal is pending, Patterson said.

[Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo ...

www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7555/abs/nature14317.html

by W Haak - ‎2015 - ‎Cited by 64 - ‎Related articles

Jun 11, 2015 - Received: 29 December 2014; Accepted: 12 February 2015 .... Preprint at bioRxiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/008664 (2014); Haak, W. et al.]

Note that Haak et al 2015 only traced origins of some European "IE" languages to Bronze Age steppe invasions.

Western and Eastern Europe came into contact ~4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced ~3/4 of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least ~3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for the theory of a steppe origin of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe.

No mentions of India, or even all Europe. Again: contrary to Indians declaring that Kurgan steppe thesis shows AIT on India based on Haak or even Jones, Haak did NOT show any data for IE invasion/migration into India. At most they can hypothesise, like all papers on IE in Europe end up having write-off paragraphs of mere conjecture about how "IE" would have came into India too (and even when they choose to support their point, they sneakily refer to statements in papers that specifically say NOTHING about AIT/AMT).



Maybe the Haak-collected data had been published earlier - before Dec 2014 - say in another paper or otherwise made available to researchers, just not their (method and) analysis, which came out with their Steppe paper? I suspect the Harvard researchers now looking to establish PIE in Caucasus Maykop (their plan B now that steppe failed**) were already aware of the steppe aDNA data that had been coming out in trickles and spurts.



- Because Jones et al (July 2015) - which is after Haak et al 2015 and made a correction to Haak - IS still trying to derive Armenians and Indians directly from Caucasus rather than steppes, see a subsequent post. I.e. shifting PIE urheimat into Caucasus, not considered one of the 3 main PIE urheimat theories at all. For years it has only been 3 leading hypotheses with Kurgan > Anatolian and Balkan as a distant 3rd. See documented list of 3 main PIE homelands at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_Urheimat_hypotheses (as at last week):



en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_Urheimat_hypotheses

Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses



Hypotheses



There are three main competing basic models (with variations) that have academic credibility (Mallory (1997:106)):



* the Kurgan hypothesis (Pontic-Caspian area): Chalcolithic (5th to 4th millennia BCE)

* the Anatolian hypothesis (Anatolia in Asia Minor): Early Neolithic (7th to 5th millennia BCE)

* the Balkan hypothesis, excluding the Anatolian languages (a variant of the Anatolian hypothesis): Neolithic (5th millennium BCE)



As mentioned above, the Kurgan hypothesis is currently dominant in Indo-European studies. The Anatolian hypothesis, primarily associated with Colin Renfrew, is the main competitor.



A number of other opposing hypotheses also exist, for example:



* the Armenian hypothesis (proposed in the context of Glottalic theory), with a homeland in Armenia in the 4th millennium BCE (excluding the Anatolian branch);

* a 6th millennium BCE or later origin in Northern Europe, according to Lothar Kilian's and, especially, Marek Zvelebil's[3] models of a broader homeland;

* The Out of India theory, with a homeland in India in the 6th millennium BCE;[4]

* The Paleolithic Continuity Theory, with an origin before the 10th millennium BCE

* Nikolai Trubetzkoy's theory of Sprachbund** origin of Indo-European traits.

Note how Gamkrelidze et al's Caucasus/Armenian hypothesis was not really under consideration - it's listed with Trubetzkoy, PCT, and OIT. Caucasus as Urheimat was NOT one of the 3 prominent PIE hypothesis at all. But suddenly Harvard falls back onto it with soft-Caucasus argument: "Patterson said that linguistic evidence has tracked the ancestral language, called “late proto-Indo-European” to about 3,500 years ago in the Caucasus".

Says something. (Because the data that's been coming in - see also subsequent posts - revealed something inconvenient, so they're clutching to nearest-to-steppe/european theories that may still save face.)



en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund

A sprachbund (/ˈsprɑːkbʊnd/; German: [ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt], "federation of languages") – also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, diffusion area or language crossroads – is a group of languages that have common features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact. They may be genetically unrelated, or only distantly related. Where genetic affiliations are unclear, the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness. Areal features are common features of a group of languages in a sprachbund.

Well, Trubetzkoy's sprachbund seems a good description for origins if steppe or caucasus is hypothesised as locus of PIE. Unless proto-proto-(etc)-PIE still had IE features and negligible Caucasus influences (as steppe proponents actually want to claim: that E-Euro Hunter Gatherers actually spoke proto-proto PIE etc, and that Caucasus didn't change the lingo).



a. Caucasus was filled with different unrelated lingos.

b. Yamna consisted of 2 unrelated genetic components thought to have admixed in Yamna (called miscegenation had it happened in India, say). Yamna filled with demonstrably non-native/non-original culture - e.g. Kurgans can be traced into Azerbaijan and then Maykop - both Caucasus -, wheeled carts in Maykop before Yamna, way better/professional level bronze artefacts at Maykop compared to rudimentary/amateurish bronze in Yamna (and an apparent paucity of Yamna bronze products, going by google image results) despite Yamna being younger than Maykop etc. So, Yamna in all ways derivative: as if it was still learning to copy Maykop. But Yamna has been pinpointed as the source for the steppe invasions into Eurospace. And Yamna modelled as having the EHG (let's call it European-specific) genetic component not seen in the "IE-speaking" Armenias or Indians, who demonstrate only the CHG portion.

So: either Yamna spoke PIE yet had to borrow all so-called "steppe" kurgan kultur from Caucasus, or the "Kurgan" culture that Yamna imported from Caucasus, and which formatively influenced Yamna, brought in not just the kultur but "PIE" too: since the steppe argument was always that PIE lingo AND kultur went hand in hand. The argument is only split into kurgan (previously "PIE") kultur as separate from PIE lingo by Steppists if they can't claim originating the kultur any more: they still want to claim the PIE language.