First war of independence: 1857

[acharya]

British colonial Rule in India
[c]
British conquest of India and consolidation of rule

C.A. Bayly, Indian Society and the making of the British Empire
I.J. Catanach, ‘Agrarian Disturbance in Nineteenth-Century India’, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol.3, no.1, March 1966. reprinted in D. Hardiman, Peasant resistance in India.
Neil Charlesworth, Peasants and Imperial Rule (Cambridge 1984).
Ranajit Guha, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India (New Delhi 1983).
Ranajit Guha, ‘The Prose of Counter-Insurgency’, in Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies II (New Delhi 1983).
David Hardiman, Peasant Resistance in India 1858-1914, New Delhi 1992.
R. Kumar, Western India in the Nineteenth Century (London 1968).
Roy Moxham, The Great Hedge of India, London 2001. A popular account of the colonial tax on salt.
Eric Stokes, The Peasant and the Raj (Cambridge 1978). For a review of the latter book, see * G. Pandey, ‘View of the observable’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 7:3, 1980.
D.A. Washbrook, ‘Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History, c.1720-1860’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.22, no.1, February 1988.

Ideologies of the Raj: Racism, Social Darwinism, Orientalism
S.H. Alatas, Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism (London 1977) Not on India, but deals with racist theory in an Asian colonial context.
Michael Banton, The Idea of Race (1977).
Michael Banton, Racial Theories (Cambridge 1987)
Crispin Bates, ‘Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: The Early Origins of Indian Anthometry’, in P. Robb, The Concept of Race (New Delhi 1995)
Susan Bayly, ‘Caste and Race in the Colonial Ethnography of India’, in P.Robb, The Concept of Race (New Delhi 1995)
J. Breman, ‘Return of Social Inequality,’ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.39, No.35, 28 August 2004.
C. Bolt, Victorian Attitudes to Race (London 1971).
C. Bolt, ‘Race and the Victorians’, in C.C. Eldridge (ed.), British Imperialism in the Nineteenth century (Basingstoke 1984).
D.F. Bratchell, The Impact of Darwinism: Texts and Commentary Illustrating Nineteenth Century Religious, Scientific and Literary Attitudes, (1981).
Paul Crook, ‘Social Darwinism: the Concept’, in History of European Ideas, Vol.22, 1996.
David Hardiman, The Coming of the Devi: Adivasi Assertion in Western India (New Delhi 1987), Chapter 1, ‘Introduction’, pp.11-17
C. Hutchins, The Illusion of Permanence, chapter on ‘Concepts of Indian Character.’
R. Inden, Imagining India. Argues for a fundamental similarity between Orientalist and Anglicanist approaches.
Greta Jones, Social Darwinism and English Thought: The Interaction between Biological and Social Theory (Brighton 1980).
Howard L. Kaye, The Social Meaning of Modern Biology: From Social Darwinism to Sociobiology (Yale 1986).
V. Kiernan, Lords of Human Kind: European Attitudes to Other Cultures in the Imperial Age.
David Kopf, British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernisation 1773-1835 (California 1969).
David Kopf, ‘Hermeneutics versus History’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.39, 1980. A critique of Edward Said.
Adam Kuper, The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an Illusion (London 1988)
John Mackenzie, Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts (Manchester 1995). Another critique of Said.
Kenan Malik, The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society (Basingstoke 1996).
Thomas Metcalf, Ideologies of the Raj (Cambridge 1994).
George Moss, Towards the Final Solution: A History of European Racism (New York 1978).
R. Numbers and D. Amundsen, Disseminating Darwinism: The Role of Place, Race, Religion and Gender (Cambridge 1999).
P.B.Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge 1986).
Peter Robb (ed.), The Concept of Race (New Delhi 1995)
Edward Said, Orientalism (New York 1978). The classic work on Orientalism, though more about Islamic areas of western Asia and North Africa than India.
Sumit Sarkar, ‘Orientalism Revisited: Saidian Frameworks in the Writing of Modern Indian History’, The Oxford Literary Review, Vol. 16, nos. 1-2, 1994. Critique of Said.
Ajay Skaria, ‘Shades of Wildness: Tribe, Caste and Gender in Western India’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 56, no.3, August 1997.
Herbert Spencer, Herbert Spencer on Social Evolution: Selected Writings (Chicago 1972) * N.b. Spencer wrote the important Social Darwinist text Survival of the Fittest in 1864.
Nancy Stepan, The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain 1800-1960 , (London 1982).
Siep Stuurman, ‘Francois Bernier and the Intervention of Racial Classification’, History Workshop Journal, 50, Autumn 2000.
G. Viswanathan, Masks of Conquest: Literary Studies and British Rule In India (New York 1989). On Anglicanism in education in British India.
Raymond Williams, ‘Social Darwinism’, in Problems in Materialism and Culture, (London 1980), pp.86-102.

Colonial masculinities

Kenneth Ballhatchet, Race, Sex and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitudes and Policies and their Critics 1793-1905 (London 1980).
I. Chowdhury-Sengupta, ‘The Effeminate and the Masculine,’ in P. Robb (ed.), The Concept of Race in South Asia, Delhi 1997.
Anne Mc Clintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Context (New York 1995).
John M. Mackenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (1988). Excellent on the psychology of the colonial hunt. Chapter 7 is on India and in SRC.
M.S.S. Pandian, ‘Gendered Negotiations: Hunting and Colonialism in the Late Nineteenth Century Nilgiris’, Contributions to Indian Sociology, Volume 29, nos. 1 and 2, January-December 1995. In SRC.
M.S.S. Pandian, ‘Hunting and Colonialism in the Nineteenth-Century Nilgiri Hills of South India’, in R. Grove, V. Damodaran & S. Sangwan, Nature and the Orient.
Mrinalini Sinha, Colonial Masculinity: The ‘Manly Englishman’ and the ‘Effeminate Bengali’ in the Late Nineteenth Century (Manchester 1995).

Economic effects of British colonialism – Was India impoverished?

P.J. Cain and A.G. Hopkins, British Imperialism, Vol I, chapter 10, and Vol. II, chapter 8. Lucidly-written overview of the topic, taking the line that the British decided to leave India in 1947 because India was no longer profitable to Britain after World War II.
I. Chakraborty, ‘Teaching Economic History: Towards a Reorientation,’ Economic and political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 35, 28 August 2004.
Bipin Chandra, The Rise and Growth Of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic Policies of Indian National Leadership 1880-1905 (New Delhi 1966). Book written from an Indian nationalist perspective, arguing for a ‘drain of wealth’.
Neil Charlesworth, British Rule and the Indian Economy 1800-1914 (London 1982). A good introduction to the subject.
I.D. Derbyshire, ‘Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860-1914’, in Modern Asian Studies, 1987.
R.C. Dutt, Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, (London 1950).
R.P. Dutt, India Today (London 1940), chapter 2, ‘The Wealth and Poverty of India’. Written from a Marxian perspective, this argues that there was a ‘drain of wealth’.
H.M. Hyndman, The Bankruptcy of India (London 1886). One of the first to argue for the ‘drain of wealth’.
Dharma Kumar, The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol.II, c.1757-c.1970 (Cambridge1982), especially articles by Hurd, Morris and Whitcombe.
Modern Asian Studies , 1985, special edition edited by Gordon Johnson (ed.). See especially articles by Habib and Kumar.
D. Rothermund, Economic History of India, (Delhi 1988).
T. Roy, ‘Economic History: An Endangered Discipline,’ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 29, 17 July 2004. *
Karl de Schweinitz, The Rise and Fall of British India: Imperialism as Inequality (London 1983). Takes the Indian nationalist side in the debate.*
V. Shanmugasundram, The Drain Theory (Bombay 1968).
B.R. Tomlinson, ‘India and the British Empire, 1880-1935’, Indian Economic and Social History Review, volume 12, number 4, 1975.
B.R. Tomlinson, The Political Economy of the Raj: The Economics of Decolonisation in India (London 1979). Tomlinson argues that the British left India when it became economically unviable.
B.R. Tomlinson, ‘Colonial Firms and the Decline of Colonialism in Eastern India, 1914-1947’, Modern Asian Studies, volume 15, number 3, 1981.
B.R. Tomlinson, The Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970 (Cambridge 1993).
David Washbrook, ‘Law, State and Agrarian Society in Colonial India’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.15, no.3, July 1981.