Energy Sector - 2

Naresh · 09-06-2005, 04:23 AM

Mudy Ji :

Well said â sad but true!

Cheers <img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/cheers.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='cheers.gif' />s

09-09-2005, 09:41 PM

INTELLIGENCE: 
Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-09/...ent_3465470.htm
Germany, Russia sign pipeline deal 

BEIJING, Sept. 9 -- In Russia, President Putin and the German Chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder, have finalized a key gas pipeline project.

The deal was signed during Putin's one-day visit to Germany on Thursday. It comes ten days before German elections that Schroeder may lose.

Under the deal, the pipeline would bypass Poland and Ukraine by running under the Baltic Sea, lowering transportation costs. The cost of the Northern-European natural gas pipeline project is currently estimated at five-point-seven billion dollars.

It will begin transporting gas in two years' time.
(Source: cctv.com)

IDIOCY: 
Source:http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage.php?storyflag=y&leftnm=lmnu2&leftindx=2&lselect=1&chklogin=N&autono=199503
India, Pak petro secretaries to hold talks

Press Trust Of India / Islamabad September 07, 2005
Petroleum secretaries of India and Pakistan will hold two-day talks here starting from Thursday to discuss modalities of the multi-billion-dollar Indo-Iran gas pipeline through Pakistan.

A five-member delegation of Indian gas experts led by Petroleum Secretary SC Tripathy is arriving here tomorrow to attend the second Pakistan-India joint working group (JWG) meeting on September 8 and 9 to discuss the modalities for the pipeline project.

The JWG would discuss issues relating to framework agreement, land acquisition, reserve certification gas demand in India and Pakistan, and transit fee, project structure, gas pricing mechanism, pipeline size and other related subjects, local âonlineâ news agency quoted Pakistani officials as saying ahead of the meeting. Pakistan has identified around a dozen transit pipeline contracts to stake its claim for the transit fee for the 2,670-km pipeline from Iranâs South Paras field to India. India was expected to submit a draft text of a framework agreement to the Pakistani side before the meeting.

Both sides are likely to sign the agreement during the meeting. Meanwhile a delegation of Russian firm Gazprom will visit Pakistan early next month to begin discussions to lead a consortium for the construction of the Iran-Pakistan-India pipeline, local daily Dawn reported. Gazprom Chairman Alexey Miller Borisovich would lead the delegation to Islamabad on October 6 and remain here for three days to hold talks with the top leaders, besides officials of the petroleum ministry and gas companies, sources told the paper.

Naresh · (This post was last modified: 09-10-2005, 01:37 AM by Naresh.)

Mudy Ji :

It is only the Indian who are stupid enough to have Natural Gas Pipe Lines via Pakistan or Bangladesh.

Pakistan-Bangladesh normal Trade can go by Rail via India â Distance about 1500 to 1600 Miles, whereas the Sea Distance will be about 3,000 Miles possibly more.

Pakistan Wants To Establish Shipping Line With Bangladesh

What can one say?

Cheers

Naresh · 09-12-2005, 04:38 AM

Pressure to abandon Iran gas pipeline:

Cheers <img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/cheers.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='cheers.gif' />

Naresh · 09-16-2005, 03:50 AM

Lotasâ Dream of Turkmenistani Gas might remain just that â A Dream

New complex to increase Turkmen gas exports to Iran

ASHGABAT (AFP) â Turkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov has opened a new gas compressor complex that will allow the former Soviet republic to substantially boost natural gas exports to Iran, Turkmen media said Thursday.

The facility built by German and Iranian contractors at Korpedzh, near the border with Iran at a cost of 114 million euros (139 million dollars), âwill allow an increase in the volume and reliability of gas deliveriesâ by pipeline to Iran, Niyazov said at a ceremony on Wednesday shown on national television.

âTalks are under way with the Iranian side on increasing gas suppliesâ to Iran next year, Niyazov said.

This year Turkmenistan is due to export five billion cubic metres of natural gas to Iran via a pipeline that runs from Korpedzh to Kurt Kui, in northern Iran, that opened in 1997.

But that volume is well short of the eight billion cubic metres that the pipeline â which was 80-percent financed by Iran â was intended to carry.

The pipeline is Turkmenistanâs only gas export pipeline that is not part of the ageing Soviet-era network.
While Iran is considered to have massive potential to produce and export its own natural gas, its reserves are mainly in southern Iran, making imports from Turkmenistan a potentially convenient alternative for the north.

Turkmenistan has also agreed to supply 36 billion cubic metres to Ukraine and four billion cubic metres to Russia this year, Turkmen officials said.

The Central Asian state is thought to have among the largest natural gas reserves in the world.

Cheers <img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/cheers.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='cheers.gif' />s

Naresh · 09-19-2005, 02:34 AM

Power from Dabhol at Rs 2.50/unit

MUMBAI: Ratnagiri Gas & Power Pvt Ltd (RGPPL), formed to run the troubled 2,150 MW Dabhol power project, is planning to set Rs 2.50 per unit as the threshold level for the power cost for the first phase of the project.

RGPPL had planned to sell power from the project at Rs 2.30 a unit, with fixed cost at 93 paise, regassification cost at 17 paise, and fuel cost at Rs 1.20 per unit. However, with rising global gas prices, the per unit cost is likely to escalate.

RGPPL, which plans to complete Dabhol project in three blocks of two phases, will start commercial operations of the first phase on September 1, 2006.

"GAIL has finalised 0.7 million tonne natural gas supply from Qatar for the first phase. The synchronisation of the project will be done in July (2006) and the commercial operation would start from September 1 next year," a senior RGPPL official told TOI.

When contacted, GAIL officials refused to give details of the price at which gas supply from Qatar has been tied up. "We have fixed the supply. A formal agreement would be signed any day," a GAIL official said.

According to RGPPL officials, GAIL will have to procure gas at $3.70 per million British Thermal Unit (BTU) to maintain the earlier stated power cost of Rs 2.30 per unit for the project.

With spot prices of natural gas zooming high due to shortage, GAIL may fetch gas at competitive prices only if the supply is from a 25-30 years contract, according to analysts.

However, if gas is procured at higher prices, the burden of rise in power cost would have to be borne by the Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB).

MSEB, it is learnt, is ready to bear the higher cost up to Rs 3.0-3.30 per unit. However, an RGPPL official said, "For the first phase, the power cost will not go beyond Rs 2.50 per unit."

In the first phase, 760 MW unit of the Dabhol plant would be revived. The project was running until May 2001, when it was shut down due to tariff disputes between MSEB (the sole user) and the then DPC owner, Enron.

The second phase will involve two blocks of 740 MW each. RGPPL requires 2.1 million BTU of LNG for the Dabhol project.

Cheers <img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/cheers.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='cheers.gif' />

09-23-2005, 01:21 AM

Centre approves four nuke power plantsQUOTEA meeting of the Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh approved "pre-project activities" and clearance of sites for setting up nuclear power stations at Kakrapar in Gujarat (2x700MW pressurised heavy water reactors), Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu (2x1,000MW light water reactors), Jaitapur in Maharashtra (2x1,000MW light water reactors) and Rawatbhata in Rajasthan (2x700MW pressurised heavy water reactors).....
.........
Information and Broadcasting Minister S Jaipal Reddy told reporters after the cabinet meeting.
.......................
The country currently has 14 operation nuclear power plants and nine more are being built at seven sites - Tarapur in Maharashtra, Rawatbhata in Rajasthan, Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu, Narora in Uttar Pradesh, Kakrapar in Gujarat, Kaiga in Karnataka and Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu.
No line thru Iran, Good work. But why I&B minister is making announcement not Aiyar???

Naresh · 09-23-2005, 05:54 PM

ADB voices concern over gas delivery: Turkmen reserves found short

ISLAMABAD, Sept 22: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) on Thursday said the delivery of gas to India and Pakistan from Turkmensitanâs Daulatabad field might not be possible through $3.3 billion trans-Afghanistan pipeline, owing to lower than expected gas production.

However, it said the two countries would require three pipeline projects for gas import to meet their rising energy demand. The ADB has also floated the idea of gas import from Oman besides Iran and Qatar and expressed optimism about $7 billion Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) project.

The bank has been brokering the 1,700-km pipeline project since 2002, promoting it as a win-win example of regional cooperationâ a pioneering effort to link gas-rich Central Asia with energy-deficient South Asia through Afghanistan.

The project, according to ADBâs original plan, was to bring clean fuel at competitive costs to India and Pakistan, much-needed transit fees to Afghanistan, and new markets for Turkmenistan.

A senior ADB energy specialist, Dan Millison, said: âTurkmenistanâs Daulatabad gas field has gross reserves of 1.4 trillion cubic meters of gas, but production forecasts are lower than expected, causing analysts to doubt that it can meet the proposed target of piping 30 billion cubic meters (BCM) of gas a year to South Asiaâ.

âThe reserves information shows that Turkmenistan could supply enough gas for the first few years but then production is predicted to decline instead of increasing,â said Mr Millison.

He said Turkmenistan would need to find gas from other fields to meet pipeline design targets.

However, future demand for natural gas in South Asia is projected to be strong enough to require gas to be piped from both Turkmenistan and Iran, he said.

He said the reserves information released from Turkmenistan showed lower-than-expected gas deliverability for a proposed $3.3 billion pipeline project to carry gas from Turkmenistan via Afghanistan to India and Pakistan.

Meanwhile, a $7 billion scheme to pipe natural gas from offshore Iran to Pakistan and India is gaining momentum. This 2,700-km pipeline would cost more than double the Turkmen scheme, but leaves out Afghanistan, where security concerns remain, he said.

âHowever, with long term gas demand from India and Pakistan estimated at 50 BCM a year, there is a need for more than one pipeline,â said Mr Millison.

India already imports gas and demand will soar in the next decade. Pakistan, with its own reserves declining, is expected to begin importing gas after late 2008. In fact, projected demand in South Asia is so strong that there might be a need for a third pipeline from Qatar or Oman, he noted.

With the new gas reserves data in hand, as well as a draft security analysis report, the next step is for the projectâs steering committee to meet and discuss inviting an international consortium of investors to build the pipeline.

Turkmenistan is one of the worldâs largest gas exporters. However, although its 4.5 million people receive free gas, electricity and water, incomes are among the lowest in Central Asia and health and education services are declining.

Cheers

Naresh · 09-26-2005, 02:52 PM

Gas line blast suspends supply to Punjab

JACCOBABAD: Gas supply to Punjab was suspended on Sunday morning after a pipeline blast near Kandhkot.

The gas supply was suspended after a pipeline of 60-inch diameter from Sui to Punjab busted due to internal pressure, officials claimed. The police and Rangers have cordoned off the area and started investigations. Repair works were in progress and the possibility of terrorism could not be ruled out, sources said.

Earlier, a powerful explosion had destroyed a spare gas pipeline in Tangwani area of Jacobabad district on March 13, 2005.

Police said that unidentified terrorists planted a bomb close to the pipeline in the jurisdiction of the Ghulam Sarwar Sarki police station, which exploded early in the morning. As a result, the spare gas pipeline was destroyed.

Heavy contingent of police and other law enforcement agencies reached the spot and cordoned off the area. Another powerful explosion occurred near Garhi Hasan Canal, 50km from Shikarpur, en route PPLâs Sui Gas Purification Plant in Sui. The explosion did not cause any damage to the piling, carrying the main SSGC pipeline, but the pipeline was damaged. Online

Cheers

09-27-2005, 11:12 PM

Iran warns India over atomic backlashQUOTEAnalysts said Iran and India had a lot to gain to work together in the energy sector as Indian firms can win projects in Iran without competition from US oil majors and India was an attractive market for Iranian oil and gas.

"I don't think the Iranians will say that just because you voted against us, we will scupper all future deals. India is a large consumer and it will be difficult for Iran to ignore it," said Pravin Martis of consultancy Wood Mackenzie.

But Indian officials said gas supplies from Iran and service contracts for the giant Yadavaran field, estimated to hold 3 billion barrels, and the Jufeyr field may be delayed.

"We were expecting Iranian LNG by 2009. Now, we are not sure. They may put some roadblocks which can at least delay it. Even in normal times things move slowly with Iran," an official at a Indian energy firm said.

India signed a $22 billion deal to import LNG from Iran for 25 years from 2009 but officials say the deal, signed with the National Iranian Gas Export Co, has not been ratified and guaranteed by Iran's national oil company.

"We have signed the deal and agreed on the price, but so far it is not a legally enforceable contract," he said.

Here goes India's energy security in Air thanks to stupid Manmohan and his joker Aiyar.

Naresh · (This post was last modified: 09-28-2005, 02:33 AM by Naresh.)

QUOTE(Mudy @ Sep 27 2005, 11:12 PM)Here goes India's energy security in Air thanks to stupid Manmohan and his joker Aiyar.[right][snapback]38846[/snapback][/right]

Mudy Ji :

Mostly likely the Iranians were consulted and appraised of Indiaâs impeding action :

Tehran threatens to retaliate

NEW DELHI: Iran's sharp-worded reaction to India's IAEA vote has set the stage for an economic battle, with Tehran singling New Delhi out for special criticism.

On Tuesday, Iranian spokesperson Hamid Reza Assefi said Iran was "surprised" by India's vote. "We will reconsider our economic cooperation with those countries that voted against us," he said.

The sharp response from Tehran showed that India's argument that it had tried to soften West's blow on Iran at Vienna has not washed with the rulers there.

While officials here maintained that India actually managed to ensure an easier deal for Iran, the latter seemed in no mood to swallow post-facto explanations.

Though concerned, government officials downplayed the impact of the strain in ties on energy supplies. Government's worries were evident from the way it dodged the volley from Tehran. Though the US-like threat of sanctions contradicted the argument put out by the foreign ministry here that India had apprised Tehran of its vote in advance, officials refused to retaliate against the verbal assault.

Privately, however, they tried to make light of possibilities of sanctions, saying that investments in Iran would be adversely affected if it were to follow through its threat of retaliation against those who voted against it.

It is mainly European countries and Japan who form the bulk of investors in Iran. Still, the foreign office here fully expects to have to deal with an angry Iran for some time.

Mudy Ji : Not getting any more "Natural Gas" from Iran is the same as if the Pipe Line had been constructed and then the Lotastaanis had Blown Up the Pipe Line

Cheers

Naresh · 09-29-2005, 01:08 AM

Deals with India on, friends not be judged by one action: Iran

Indicating that there was no bitterness in Tehran over India's vote against it in IAEA, Iran tonight said bilateral agreements, including LNG and gas pipeline projects, are "still in force", maintaining that a "friend" should not be judged by a "single action".

A day after Iran threatened to review its economic ties with all 22 countries that voted against its nuclear programme, its Embassy issued a statement here saying that its agreements with India were "passing through normal process".

"Regarding the news published in a section of media about the possibility of the LNG deal and the gas pipeline project being called off, the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran declares that the agreements arrived at between the two countries are still in force and passing through their normal process," the statement said.

Quoting Iran's top nuclear negotiator Ali Larijani, the statement said he described India as a "friend" but added that "we did not expect India to do so (vote with the resolution at the IAEA).

"(But) I believe friends should not be judged by a single action." Larijani, Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, said "Iran enjoys friendly relations with India." Quoting Larijani, it said the resolution passed by the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) against Iran "lacks legal foundation" and that Tehran expects the member states to review the resolution.

The Embassy statement puts at rest speculation about the five-million tonne a year LNG export deal beginning 2009 and the 21 billion dollar gas pipeline project from Iran to India being scrapped by Iran in view of India's vote. Earlier, the government also asserted that it has not been given any indication by Tehran to review its long-standing cooperation which was in the interest of both countries.

"We have been given no indication in interactions (with Iranian officials) of Iran's intentions to review its long-standing and extensive cooperation with India which is of benefit to and in the interest of both countries," External Affairs Ministry spokesman Navtej said in response to questions.

Sarna said Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran had yesterday explained the background to India's decision during a meeting with Iranian Ambassador S Z Yaghoubi.

The importance which India attaches to maintaining traditionally close relations with Iran have also been reiterated, he said.

Cheers

Naresh · 10-08-2005, 06:04 PM

Indian gas deal to sideline Dhaka <!--emo& Big Grin

--><img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/biggrin.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='biggrin.gif' />

GUWAHATI: India says a proposal to take its $1bn gas pipeline to Myanmar through Bangladesh is "as good as shelved". A senior official of the Gas Authority of India said the line would instead go via Indiaâs north-east to Myanmar. The move could add $290m to the cost.

Dhaka, which had asked for major trade concessions to allow the transit, has yet to comment on Indiaâs new plan.

Bangladesh could earn as much as $125m a year in transit fees and other service charges from the pipeline.

Proshanto Banerji, chairman of Gas Authority of India, told reporters in the north-eastern Indian city of Guwahati: "The Bangladesh route is as good as shelved. "Our past experience shows we get into all kinds of trouble when we try to work through a third country," he said. The new pipeline will have to be 40 per cent longer than the 850km Bangladesh route.

Myanmar is keen on India finalising the pipeline project soon to transport gas from its Arakan province for the energy-hungry Indian market.

Myanmar energy minister, Lun Thi, told Indian officials during a recent meeting in Delhi that the pressure was on India because China and Thailand also wanted the Arakan gas.

The Burmese, Indian and Bangladeshi governments agreed in principle to co-operate on the gas pipeline and exploration project in January. But Bangladesh has failed so far to agree to pipeline terms.

Dhaka has asked for major trade and transit concessions for allowing the pipeline to be laid through its territory. Indian Petroleum Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar visited Bangladesh last month to try to finalise the deal. Mani Shankar Aiyar had said "the ice is melting" but a deal was not in sight as yet.

India is looking for more fuel as demand soars with its rapid economic growth. Last week India struck a 25-year deal with Iran to import 7.5m tonnes of liquefied natural gas from 2009.

Comment : The additional expense is equal to about 2.4 Years' Annual Transit Dues. Thus a huge saving as well as removing Bangladesh's control on India's Energy Supplies.

Cheers <!--emo& Tongue

--><img src='style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/tongue.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='tongue.gif' />

Naresh · 10-19-2005, 06:03 AM

SSGC, ABN Amro sign consultancy accord for first LNG project

KARACHI: Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) has signed a major agreement with a consortium led by ABN-Amro Bank and Poten & Partners (Pty) as a consultant, who would prepare a concept report on the LNG import project with detailed study.

âThe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project is a vital component of the National Energy Plan of Pakistan as it will result in enhancing the SSGCâs supply capacity by adding between 350 and 500mmcfd to the availability of natural gas, vital to meet the countryâs growing need for energy by 2009â2010,â an official of the company said.

The signing ceremony was held at the SSGC head office on Tuesday. Munawar Baseer Ahmad, managing director SSGC, and Naved A Khan, country manager, ABN Amro Bank, signed the agreement on behalf of their respective organizations.

The companyâs statement said âas part of the consultancy services, the consultants will be preparing a concept report on the LNG Import Project recommending therein appropriate options for the project structure. This will involve undertaking detailed studies of strategic, market, commercial and regulatory issues pertaining to the Project.â

The first phase of the project envisages the preparation of pre-qualification and bidding documents for invitation and short-listing of potential joint ventures or consortia for the supply of LNG to the SSGC. The consultants would also render assistance in formulating the LNG import strategy in line with the National Energy Plan and provide input for the LNG Import Policy Framework, it added.

The LNG import project is in line with the government of Pakistan strategy to secure future energy supplies for the nation for which the government has been reviewing the feasibility of importing gas through transnational pipelines as well as LNG. The official statement said with the vision of supplementing local natural gas supplies, the SSGC envisaged an integrated LNG import contract inclusive of procurement, transportation, storage and re-gasification facilities to be set up on a build-own-operate basis at the Port Qasim terminal or near the Karachi Port.

It said the expected delivery capacity would be 2.5 million metric tones of LNG per annum, equivalent to about 300mmcfd with the option for larger volumes of up to 3.5 million tons of LNG or nearly 500mmcfds of natural gas.

As the next step following the appointment ABN Amro, lead consultants will submit an inception report to undertake the pre-feasibility and recommend pre-qualification criteria for investor consortia to undertake the project. Five international and local consortia had responded to the SSGCâs Request for Proposal. The consortium of ABN Amro and Poten & Partners was short-listed subsequent to technical and financial evaluation of the proposals.

At the signing ceremony, Munawar Baseer Ahmad, MD SSGC, acknowledged the role of ABN Amro in this pioneering project along with the SSGC and stated that âthe SSGC is fully committed to getting this project of vital national importance on stream, in the shortest possible time. The LNG project, he said, would further establish the high standard of technical expertise that the company possessed in initiating and commissioning a complex project such as this. The project, which is expected to be set up on build-own-operate (BOO) or build- operate-transfer basis at the Port Qasim Terminal or the Karachi Port Trust (KPT) area, will consist of a comprehensive supply chain organization along with a dedicated terminal for LNG. staff report

Cheers

10-22-2005, 07:51 AM

Why are India, China scrapping in Kazakhstan?

10-27-2005, 02:00 AM

http://www.chennaionline.com/colnews/newsi...RYNAME=National

QUOTEBJP women send saffron saree to Aiyar
Search for More NewsÂ
Chennai, Oct 26: In a novel protest, the Tamil Nadu BJP women's wing today sent a saffron saree to Union Petroleum Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar for his reported remarks that women should cut down the purchase of sarees and going to the cinema, to meet the hike in the price of petroleum products.

In a letter to the minister, Lalitha Subhash, state president of the wing, said his remarks were highly objectionable and condemnable.

"We are sending you a saree to show our displeasure and unhappiness with regard to your comments on purchase of sarees by women, especially during this festive atmosphere," she said.

"Withdraw your statement unconditionally or accept your inability to adopt people-oriented price policies in petroleum ministry," she said in the letter. (Our Correspondent)

10-28-2005, 04:09 PM

[/FONT][/B][I][B][FONT=Arial]At present, India is passing thorough an acute power shortage which is particularly felt in the small towns and in the rural areas. In larger cities, it is the general practice to provide the maximum available power while the rural feeder lines are disconnected to tide over the power shortage. Moreover, those who can afford have installed generators to produce power whenever there is load shedding. This has increased the consumption of diesel and has also increased the discharge of toxic gases from the generators.
At present, in the media lot of importance is being given on the question of importation of natural gas from Iran and from Bangladesh. However, unfortunately not much is written or discussed about solar energy and wind energy.
To improve the energy requirement of the rural population of India we should lay special emphasis on the solar and wind energy as well as on use of biogas. The easiest of these to implement is the biogas plant. If small bio gas plants are set up in the rural communities, it will be possible to meet some of the4 lighting needs and also the fuel needs for cooking. In certain areas, there is sufficient sunshine; solar panels can be set up for providing electrical energy for a variety of uses. Several organizations in India have already developed solar lanterns which re very suitable for use in rural house holds. Similarly, solar lamps can be used in community lighting in small rural communities. In addition, at rural health centers and railway stations, we can provide solar power to run the essential and vital equipments like x ray machines etc.
At present, a considerable amount of subsidy is being paid by the Government for providing kerosene oil at subsidized rate to the rural population. It is primarily used for lighting and for cooking purposes. If we use our national recourses, on the development of the biogas, solar power and wind power sector, it will not only ease the energy situation but will also reduce the consumption of kerosene oil.

Naresh · 10-28-2005, 08:30 PM

Ravish Ji :

Sorry I have missed your other Four Posts.

Welcome to the India-Forum and look forward to your informative views.

All the Best

Cheers / Naresh

10-28-2005, 08:58 PM

Ravish,
Welcome to India Forum. Hope to see excellent contribution.

10-28-2005, 09:03 PM

Is there any statistics available regarding percentage of alternate energy produce/used my India?
Indian government should provide tax break to those who buy solar panels as they do in US.

Login




Remember me Lost Password?