[size="4"][color="#008080"]Part IX[/color][/size][size="4"][color="#008080"][size="2"] (of XVIII)[/size] :[/color][/size][size="4"][color="#008080"] Abraham Lincoln, the Bankers and the Civil War[/color][/size]
Although Jackson had killed the central bank, the most insidious weapon of The Money Changers, fractional reserve banking, remained in use by the numerous state charted banks.
This fuelled economic instability in the years before the civil war. However, since the central bankers were out, America still thrived. The Money Changers struggled to regain their lost centralized power but to no avail.
Then finally they referred to the old [color="#ff0000"]central bankers formula: war to create debt and dependency[/color].
If they couldn't get their central bank any other way, America could be brought to its knees by plunging it into a civil war just as they had done in 1812 after The First Bank of The United States was not rechartered.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The Civil War and its reasons[/size][/color]
[/font]One month after the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, the first shots of the American Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
Certainly slavery was a cause for the civil war, but not the primary cause.
Lincoln knew that the economy of the south depended upon slavery and so before the civil war he had no intention of eliminating it. Lincoln had put it this way in his inaugural address only one month earlier:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it now exists.
I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
[/font][/indent]
Even after the first shots were fired, Lincoln insists that the civil war was not about the slavery: [indent][font="Courier New"]"My paramount objective is to save the Union, and it is 'not' either to save or destroy slavery.
If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it."
[/font][/indent]
So what was the civil war all about?
There were many factors at play.
Northern industrialist had used protective tariffs to prevent the southern states from buying cheaper European goods. Europe retaliated by stopping cotton imports from the south. The southern states were in a double financial bind. They were forced to pay more for most of the necessities of life while their income from cotton export plummeted.
But there were more divisive forces at work.
The Money Changers were still stunned, by Americans withdrawal from their control, 25 years earlier. Since then America's wildcat economy had made the nation rich, a bad example for the rest of the world.
[color="#ff0000"]The central bankers now saw an opportunity to split the rich new nation, to divide and conquer by war.[/color]
Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany, the man who united the German states a few years later, said:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"[color="#ff0000"]The division of the United States into federations of equal force was decided long before the Civil War by the high financial powers of Europe[/color]. These bankers were afraid that the United States, if they remained as one block, and as one nation, would attain economic and financial independence, which would upset their financial domination over the world."
[/font] [/indent]
Within months after the first shots here at Fort Sumter, the central bankers loaned Napoleon III of France, the nephew of the Waterloo Napoleon, 210 million francs to seize Mexico and station troops along the southern border of the U.S., taking advantage of their war, to violate the Monroe doctrine and return Mexico to colonial rule.
No matter what the outcome of the civil war, a weakened America, heavily indebted to The Money Changers would open up central and south America again to European colonisation and domination.
The very thing, America's Monroe doctrine had forbade in 1823.
At the same time, Great Britain moved 11.000 troops into Canada and positioned them menacingly along America's northern border. The British fleet went to war alert.
There was a lot more to the Civil War than just differences between the north and the south. That's why Lincoln's emphasis was always on 'union', and not merely the defeat of the south.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Lincoln's Greenbacks[/size][/color][/font]
Lincoln needed money to win. In 1961, He and his secretary of the treasury, Salmon T. Chase, went to New York to apply for the necessary loans. The Money Changers anxious to see the Union fail, offered loans at 24 to 36% interest. Lincoln declined, sent for an old friend colonel Dick Taylor of Chicago, and put him on the problem of financing the war.
Taylor advised Lincoln thus: [indent][font="Courier New"]"ââ¬Â¦just get Congress to pass a bill authorizing the printing of full legal tender treasury notes ... and pay your soldiers with them and go ahead and win your war with them also."[/font]
[/indent]
When Lincoln asked if the people of United States would accept the notes, Taylor said:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The people or anyone else will not have any choice in the matter, if you make them full legal tender. They will have the full sanction of the government and be just as good as any money; as Congress is given that express right by the Constitution."[/font]
[/indent]
In 1862-63, Lincoln printed up $450 million worth of the new bills, at no interest to the federal government. In order to distinguish them from other bank notes in circulation he printed them in green ink on the back side. That's why the notes were called greenbacks. With this new money Lincoln paid the troops and bought their supplies. He explained thus:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The Government should create, issue and circulate all the currency and credit needed to satisfy the spending power of the Government and the buying power of the consumers.
The privilege of creating and issuing money is not only the supreme prerogative of Government, but is the Government 's greatest creative opportunity.
By the adoption of these principles... the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity."
[/font][/indent]
A truly incredible editorial in The London Times explained the central bankers attitude towards the greenbacks:<img src='http://www.india-forum.com/forums/public/style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/blink.gif' class='bbc_emoticon' alt=':blink:' />
[indent][color="#000000"]"[color="#ff0000"]If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. The brains, and wealth of all countries will go to North America. That country must be destroyed or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe.[/color]"
[/color] [/indent] [color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The unfortunate infusion of debt-based banking[/size][/color][/font]
With federal and confederate troops beginning to mass for the decisive battle of the war, the treasury in need of further congressional authority to issue more greenbacks, which was not forthcoming. Lincoln allowed the bankers to push through the National Bank Act.
These new national banks would operate under a virtual tax-free status and collectively have the exclusive monopoly power to create the new form of money banknotes.
[color="#ff00ff"]{ This Act was a compromise with the Money Changers, but a necessary step towards national sovereignty. A lot of restrictions were sought to be in place to hold the banks in check }[/color]
Though greenbacks continued to circulate, their numbers were not increased. But most importantly, [color="#000000"]from this point on, the entire U.S. money supply would be created out of debt, by bankers buying U.S. bonds and issuing them for reserves for banknotes.[/color]
As historian John Kenneth Galbraith explained it:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"In numerous years following the war, the federal government ran a heavy surplus. It could not [however] pay off its debt, retire its securities, because to do so meant there would be no bonds to back the national bank notes. To pay off the debt was to destroy the money supply."
[/font][/indent] [color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The Russian Tsar[/size][/color][/font]
In 1863, Lincoln got some unexpected help from tsar Alexander II of Russia. The tsar, like Bismarck in Germany, knew what the international Money Changers were up to and had stead vastly refused to let them set up a central bank in Russia.
If America survived and was able to remain out of their clutches, the tsar's position would remain secure.
Yet if the bankers were successful, by dividing America and giving the peaces back to Britain and France, both nations under the control of their central banks, eventually they would threaten Russia again.
So the tsar gave order that if either England or France actively intervened and gave aid to the south, Russia would consider such action as a declaration of war. He did the same with part of his pacific fleet and sent them to port in San Francisco.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Lincoln's Assasination[/size][/color][/font]
Lincoln was re-elected in 1864. On November 21, 1864 he wrote a friend the following:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The money power preys upon the nation in times of peace and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy."
[/font][/indent]
Shortly before Lincoln was murdered, his former secretary of treasury, Salmon P. Chase, bemoaned his role in helping secure the passage of the national banking act only one year earlier:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"My agency in promoting the passage of the National Banking Act was the greatest financial mistake in my life. It has built up a monopoly which affects every interest in the country."
[/font][/indent]
[color="#ff0000"][color="#000000"]On [/color]April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot[color="#000000"] by John Rock Booth[/color][/color] at Ford's theater.
Had he lived, he would surely have killed the national banks money monopoly extracted from him during the war.
Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany, commented the death of Abraham Lincoln:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots.... [color="#ff0000"]I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks, will entirely control the exuberant riches of America, and use it systematically to corrupt modern civilization. They will not hesitate to plunge the whole of Christendom into wars and chaos in order that the earth should become their inheritance.[/color]"
[/font][/indent]
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Fast Forward -- fingers pointing to International Bankers[/size][/color]
Allegation that international bankers were responsible for Lincoln's assassination surfaced in Canada 70 years later in 1934. Gerald G. McGeer, a popular and well respected Canadian attorney, revealed the stunning charge in a 5 hour speech before the Canadian House of Commons blasting Canada's debt-based money system.
This was 1934, the height of the great depression, which was ravaging Canada as well.
McGeer said evidence showed that Booth was a missionary, working for the international bankers.
According to an article in the Vancouver Sun of May 2nd 1934:
[/font][indent][font="Courier New"]"Abraham Lincoln, the martyred emancipator of the slaves, was [color="#ff0000"]assassinated through the machinations of a group representative of the international bankers[/color] who feared the United States President's national credit ambitions - and the plot was hatched in Toronto and Montreal... There was only one group in the world at that time ....who had any reason to desire the death of Lincoln. they were the men opposed to his national currency program and who had fought him throughout the whole of the civil war on his policy of greenback currency."
[/font][/indent]
Interestingly, McGeer claimed that Lincoln was assassinated not only because international bankers wanted to re-establish a central bank in America, but because they also wanted to base America's currency on gold.
[font="Verdana"]Gold they controlled!
[/font]But by issuing U.S. notes, greenbacks, which were base purely on the good faith and credit of the United States, Lincoln had done just the opposite of what the Money Changers wanted.
The article quoted McGeer as saying:
[indent]"They were the men interested in the establishment of the Gold Standard money system and the right of bankers to manage the currency and credit of every nation in the world. With Lincoln out of the way, they were able to proceed with that plan and did proceed with it in the United States. Within 8 years of Lincoln's assassination silver was demonetised and the Gold Standard money system set up in the United States."
[/indent]Not since Lincoln has the U.S. issued debt free U.S. notes. These red sealed bills which were issued in 1963 were not a new issue from president Kennedy, but merely the old greenbacks, reissued year after year.
In another act of folly and ignorance, the 1994 Regal Act actually authorized the replacement of Lincoln's greenbacks with debt-based notes. In other words, greenbacks were in circulation in the United States until 1994.
However, back to the past...
Stay tuned...
Although Jackson had killed the central bank, the most insidious weapon of The Money Changers, fractional reserve banking, remained in use by the numerous state charted banks.
This fuelled economic instability in the years before the civil war. However, since the central bankers were out, America still thrived. The Money Changers struggled to regain their lost centralized power but to no avail.
Then finally they referred to the old [color="#ff0000"]central bankers formula: war to create debt and dependency[/color].
If they couldn't get their central bank any other way, America could be brought to its knees by plunging it into a civil war just as they had done in 1812 after The First Bank of The United States was not rechartered.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The Civil War and its reasons[/size][/color]
[/font]One month after the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, the first shots of the American Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
Certainly slavery was a cause for the civil war, but not the primary cause.
Lincoln knew that the economy of the south depended upon slavery and so before the civil war he had no intention of eliminating it. Lincoln had put it this way in his inaugural address only one month earlier:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it now exists.
I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
[/font][/indent]
Even after the first shots were fired, Lincoln insists that the civil war was not about the slavery: [indent][font="Courier New"]"My paramount objective is to save the Union, and it is 'not' either to save or destroy slavery.
If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it."
[/font][/indent]
So what was the civil war all about?
There were many factors at play.
Northern industrialist had used protective tariffs to prevent the southern states from buying cheaper European goods. Europe retaliated by stopping cotton imports from the south. The southern states were in a double financial bind. They were forced to pay more for most of the necessities of life while their income from cotton export plummeted.
But there were more divisive forces at work.
The Money Changers were still stunned, by Americans withdrawal from their control, 25 years earlier. Since then America's wildcat economy had made the nation rich, a bad example for the rest of the world.
[color="#ff0000"]The central bankers now saw an opportunity to split the rich new nation, to divide and conquer by war.[/color]
Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany, the man who united the German states a few years later, said:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"[color="#ff0000"]The division of the United States into federations of equal force was decided long before the Civil War by the high financial powers of Europe[/color]. These bankers were afraid that the United States, if they remained as one block, and as one nation, would attain economic and financial independence, which would upset their financial domination over the world."
[/font] [/indent]
Within months after the first shots here at Fort Sumter, the central bankers loaned Napoleon III of France, the nephew of the Waterloo Napoleon, 210 million francs to seize Mexico and station troops along the southern border of the U.S., taking advantage of their war, to violate the Monroe doctrine and return Mexico to colonial rule.
No matter what the outcome of the civil war, a weakened America, heavily indebted to The Money Changers would open up central and south America again to European colonisation and domination.
The very thing, America's Monroe doctrine had forbade in 1823.
At the same time, Great Britain moved 11.000 troops into Canada and positioned them menacingly along America's northern border. The British fleet went to war alert.
There was a lot more to the Civil War than just differences between the north and the south. That's why Lincoln's emphasis was always on 'union', and not merely the defeat of the south.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Lincoln's Greenbacks[/size][/color][/font]
Lincoln needed money to win. In 1961, He and his secretary of the treasury, Salmon T. Chase, went to New York to apply for the necessary loans. The Money Changers anxious to see the Union fail, offered loans at 24 to 36% interest. Lincoln declined, sent for an old friend colonel Dick Taylor of Chicago, and put him on the problem of financing the war.
Taylor advised Lincoln thus: [indent][font="Courier New"]"ââ¬Â¦just get Congress to pass a bill authorizing the printing of full legal tender treasury notes ... and pay your soldiers with them and go ahead and win your war with them also."[/font]
[/indent]
When Lincoln asked if the people of United States would accept the notes, Taylor said:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The people or anyone else will not have any choice in the matter, if you make them full legal tender. They will have the full sanction of the government and be just as good as any money; as Congress is given that express right by the Constitution."[/font]
[/indent]
In 1862-63, Lincoln printed up $450 million worth of the new bills, at no interest to the federal government. In order to distinguish them from other bank notes in circulation he printed them in green ink on the back side. That's why the notes were called greenbacks. With this new money Lincoln paid the troops and bought their supplies. He explained thus:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The Government should create, issue and circulate all the currency and credit needed to satisfy the spending power of the Government and the buying power of the consumers.
The privilege of creating and issuing money is not only the supreme prerogative of Government, but is the Government 's greatest creative opportunity.
By the adoption of these principles... the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity."
[/font][/indent]
A truly incredible editorial in The London Times explained the central bankers attitude towards the greenbacks:<img src='http://www.india-forum.com/forums/public/style_emoticons/<#EMO_DIR#>/blink.gif' class='bbc_emoticon' alt=':blink:' />
[indent][color="#000000"]"[color="#ff0000"]If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. The brains, and wealth of all countries will go to North America. That country must be destroyed or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe.[/color]"
[/color] [/indent] [color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The unfortunate infusion of debt-based banking[/size][/color][/font]
With federal and confederate troops beginning to mass for the decisive battle of the war, the treasury in need of further congressional authority to issue more greenbacks, which was not forthcoming. Lincoln allowed the bankers to push through the National Bank Act.
These new national banks would operate under a virtual tax-free status and collectively have the exclusive monopoly power to create the new form of money banknotes.
[color="#ff00ff"]{ This Act was a compromise with the Money Changers, but a necessary step towards national sovereignty. A lot of restrictions were sought to be in place to hold the banks in check }[/color]
Though greenbacks continued to circulate, their numbers were not increased. But most importantly, [color="#000000"]from this point on, the entire U.S. money supply would be created out of debt, by bankers buying U.S. bonds and issuing them for reserves for banknotes.[/color]
As historian John Kenneth Galbraith explained it:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"In numerous years following the war, the federal government ran a heavy surplus. It could not [however] pay off its debt, retire its securities, because to do so meant there would be no bonds to back the national bank notes. To pay off the debt was to destroy the money supply."
[/font][/indent] [color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# The Russian Tsar[/size][/color][/font]
In 1863, Lincoln got some unexpected help from tsar Alexander II of Russia. The tsar, like Bismarck in Germany, knew what the international Money Changers were up to and had stead vastly refused to let them set up a central bank in Russia.
If America survived and was able to remain out of their clutches, the tsar's position would remain secure.
Yet if the bankers were successful, by dividing America and giving the peaces back to Britain and France, both nations under the control of their central banks, eventually they would threaten Russia again.
So the tsar gave order that if either England or France actively intervened and gave aid to the south, Russia would consider such action as a declaration of war. He did the same with part of his pacific fleet and sent them to port in San Francisco.
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Lincoln's Assasination[/size][/color][/font]
Lincoln was re-elected in 1864. On November 21, 1864 he wrote a friend the following:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The money power preys upon the nation in times of peace and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy."
[/font][/indent]
Shortly before Lincoln was murdered, his former secretary of treasury, Salmon P. Chase, bemoaned his role in helping secure the passage of the national banking act only one year earlier:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"My agency in promoting the passage of the National Banking Act was the greatest financial mistake in my life. It has built up a monopoly which affects every interest in the country."
[/font][/indent]
[color="#ff0000"][color="#000000"]On [/color]April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot[color="#000000"] by John Rock Booth[/color][/color] at Ford's theater.
Had he lived, he would surely have killed the national banks money monopoly extracted from him during the war.
Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany, commented the death of Abraham Lincoln:
[indent][font="Courier New"]"The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots.... [color="#ff0000"]I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks, will entirely control the exuberant riches of America, and use it systematically to corrupt modern civilization. They will not hesitate to plunge the whole of Christendom into wars and chaos in order that the earth should become their inheritance.[/color]"
[/font][/indent]
[color="#008080"][font="Arial"][size="3"]# Fast Forward -- fingers pointing to International Bankers[/size][/color]
Allegation that international bankers were responsible for Lincoln's assassination surfaced in Canada 70 years later in 1934. Gerald G. McGeer, a popular and well respected Canadian attorney, revealed the stunning charge in a 5 hour speech before the Canadian House of Commons blasting Canada's debt-based money system.
This was 1934, the height of the great depression, which was ravaging Canada as well.
McGeer said evidence showed that Booth was a missionary, working for the international bankers.
According to an article in the Vancouver Sun of May 2nd 1934:
[/font][indent][font="Courier New"]"Abraham Lincoln, the martyred emancipator of the slaves, was [color="#ff0000"]assassinated through the machinations of a group representative of the international bankers[/color] who feared the United States President's national credit ambitions - and the plot was hatched in Toronto and Montreal... There was only one group in the world at that time ....who had any reason to desire the death of Lincoln. they were the men opposed to his national currency program and who had fought him throughout the whole of the civil war on his policy of greenback currency."
[/font][/indent]
Interestingly, McGeer claimed that Lincoln was assassinated not only because international bankers wanted to re-establish a central bank in America, but because they also wanted to base America's currency on gold.
[font="Verdana"]Gold they controlled!
[/font]But by issuing U.S. notes, greenbacks, which were base purely on the good faith and credit of the United States, Lincoln had done just the opposite of what the Money Changers wanted.
The article quoted McGeer as saying:
[indent]"They were the men interested in the establishment of the Gold Standard money system and the right of bankers to manage the currency and credit of every nation in the world. With Lincoln out of the way, they were able to proceed with that plan and did proceed with it in the United States. Within 8 years of Lincoln's assassination silver was demonetised and the Gold Standard money system set up in the United States."
[/indent]Not since Lincoln has the U.S. issued debt free U.S. notes. These red sealed bills which were issued in 1963 were not a new issue from president Kennedy, but merely the old greenbacks, reissued year after year.
In another act of folly and ignorance, the 1994 Regal Act actually authorized the replacement of Lincoln's greenbacks with debt-based notes. In other words, greenbacks were in circulation in the United States until 1994.
However, back to the past...
Stay tuned...