History of Qutub Shahi Dynasty

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[color="#252525"][size="4"]The [/size][/color]Qutb Shahi dynasty[color="#252525"][size="4"] ([/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language"]Persian[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]: [/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]سلطنت قطب شاهی[/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]‎) was a [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia"]Shia[/url][color="#252525"] [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim"]Muslim[/url] [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkman_people"]Turkman[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] dynasty of [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu"]Kara Koyunlu[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] origin that initially patronized[/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianate"]Persianate[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] culture. Its members were collectively called the [/size][/color]Qutub Shahis[color="#252525"][size="4"] and were the ruling family of the kingdom of [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] in modern-day [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh"]Andhra Pradesh[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"], [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"]India[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]. The Golconda sultanate was constantly in conflict with the Adil Shahis and Nizam Shahis.[/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"] In 1636, [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan"]Shah Jahan[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty,[/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"] which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] conquered the Golcondan sultanate.[/size][/color]



History

[color="#252525"][size="4"][size="2"][center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golkonda_curtain.jpg"][/url][size="3"][left][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golkonda_curtain.jpg"][/url]Section of a Tent Hanging or Curtain, Golconda, late 17th century.[/left][/size][/center][/size][/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]The dynasty's founder, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Quli_Qutb-ul-Mulk"]Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk[/url], migrated to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi"]Delhi[/url] with his uncle, Allah-Quli, some of his relatives and friends in the beginning of the 16th century. Later he migrated south, to the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan"]Deccan[/url] and served the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate"]Bahmani sultan[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Shah"]Mohammad Shah[/url]. He conquered Golconda, after the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom into the five [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates"]Deccan sultanates[/url]. Soon after, he declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate, took the title Qutub Shah, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. He was later assassinated in 1543 by his son, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamsheed_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Jamsheed[/url], who assumed the sultanate. He later died in 1550 from cancer. Jamsheed's young son reigned for a year, at which time the nobility brought back and installed Ibrahim Quli as sultan. During the reign of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url], relations between Hindus and Muslims were strengthened, even to the point of Hindus resuming their religious festivals like [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwali"]Diwali[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holi"]Holi[/url]. Some Hindus rose to prominence in the Qutb Shahi state, the most important example being the ministers[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madanna_and_Akkanna"]Madanna and Akkanna[/url].[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Golconda, and with the construction of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charminar"]Char Minar[/url], later [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url] served as capitals of the sultanate, and both cities were embellished by the Qutb Shahi sultans. The dynasty ruled Golconda for 171 years, until the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"]Mughal[/url] emperor [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url] conquered the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan"]Deccan[/url]in 1687.[/size][/color]





Culture

[color="#252525"][size="4"]The Qutub Shahi rulers were great builders, which included the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charminar"]Char Minar[/url], as well as[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron"]patrons[/url] of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning"]learning[/url]. Quli Qutb Mulk's court became a haven for Persian culture and literature. Sultan [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url](1580–1612) wrote poems in Dakhini Urdu, Persian and Telugu and left a huge poetry collection. Subsequent poets and writers, however wrote in Urdu, while using vocabulary from Persian, Hindi and Telugu languages. By 1535, the Qutub Shahis were using Telugu for their revenue and judicial areas within the sultanate.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Initially, the Qutub Shahi rulers patronized [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianate"]Persianate[/url] [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture"]culture[/url], but eventually adopted the regional culture of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan"]Deccan[/url], symbolized by the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language"]Telugu language[/url] and the newly developed [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakhni"]Deccani idiom[/url] of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu"]Urdu[/url] became prominent. Although Telugu was not their mother tongue, the Golconda rulers spoke and wrote Telugu, and patronized Telugu so exclusively they were termed the "Telugu Sultans". In 1543, fearing for his life, Prince [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Quli_Qutb_Shah_Wali"]Ibrahim Quli[/url] fled to the Vijayanagaran court, which lavishly patronized the Telugu language. Upon his enthronement as sultan in 1550, Ibrahim Quli was thoroughly acquainted with Telugu aesthetics.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]The Qutb Shahi architecture was Indo-Persian, a culmination of Hindu, Moorish, Mughal and Persian architectural styles.[/size] [size="4"]Some examples of Golcondan Indo-Persian architecture are the Golconda Fort, [/size][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_Tombs"]tombs of the Qutb Shahis[/url][size="4"], [/size][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_Minar"]Char Minar[/url][size="4"] and the [/size][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_Kaman"]Char Kaman[/url][size="4"], [/size][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca_Masjid"]Mecca Masjid[/url][size="4"] and the [/size][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toli_Masjid"]Toli mosque[/url][size="4"].[/size][/color]





Religion



[color="#252525"][size="4"]The Qutub Shahis patronized Shia Islam and at Friday sermons had the names of the Twelve Imams and the Safavids read aloud, however, this ended in 1636 when the Shah Jahan gained suzerainty over the Golcondan sultanate. Although they were [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia"]Shias[/url], Sunni Islam and Hinduism were also tolerated. As such, the culture of the Qutb Shahi dynasty has been considered a "composite" of Hindu-Moslem religio-social culture.[/size][/color]





Rulers

[color="#252525"][size="4"]The seven [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan"]sultans[/url] in the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasty"]dynasty[/url] were:[/size][/color]

• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Quli_Qutb-ul-Mulk"]Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk[/url] (1518–1543)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamsheed_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah[/url] (1543–1550)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhan_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Subhan Quli Qutb Shah[/url] (1550)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Quli_Qutb_Shah_Wali"]Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah[/url] (1550–1580)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url] (1580–1612)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Muhammad_Qutb_Shah"]Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah[/url] (1612–1626)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Qutb_Shah"]Abdullah Qutb Shah[/url] (1626–1672)
• [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Qutb_Shah"]Abul Hasan Qutb Shah[/url] (1672–1689)

Tombs

[color="#252525"][size="4"][size="2"][center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Finch,_Poppies,_Dragonfly,_and_Bee_India_(Deccan,_Golconda).jpg"][/url][size="3"][left][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Finch,_Poppies,_Dragonfly,_and_Bee_India_(Deccan,_Golconda).jpg"][/url]Golkonda Painting - Finch, Poppies, Dragonfly, and Bee India (Deccan, Golconda), 1650-1670 Opaque watercolor and gold on paper Overall[/left][/size][/center][/size][/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"][size="2"][center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Muhammad_Qutb_Shah_in_Hyderabad_W_IMG_4636.jpg"][/url][size="3"][left][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Muhammad_Qutb_Shah_in_Hyderabad_W_IMG_4636.jpg"][/url]Tomb of Muhammad Qutb Shah in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad, India[/url].[/left][/size][/center][/size][/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]The [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_Tombs"]tombs of the Qutb Shahi sultans[/url] lie about one kilometer north of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda's[/url]outer wall. These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and surrounded by landscaped gardens. They are open to the public and receive many visitors.[/size][/color]



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Title of 'Tana Shah'

[color="#252525"][size="4"][size="2"][center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Govardhan_II,_Visit_of_sufi-singer_Shir_Muhammad_to_Abul_Hasan_Qutb_Shah,_ca._1720,_Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France,_Paris.jpg"][/url][size="3"][left][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Govardhan_II,_Visit_of_sufi-singer_Shir_Muhammad_to_Abul_Hasan_Qutb_Shah,_ca._1720,_Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France,_Paris.jpg"][/url]Visit of Sufi-singer Shir Muhammad to Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, ca. 1720, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France"]Bibliothèque nationale de France[/url], Paris.[/left][/size][/center][/size][/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]His real name was Abul Hasan and nicknamed as 'Tana Shah' even before he was contender to the throne of Golconda by his teacher, a Sufi saint called Hazrat Syed Shah Raziuddin, popularly known as Hazrat Shah Raju Qattal. Hazrat Shah Raju was eighth in the lineage of the Sufi saint Hazrat Syedna Khwaja Banda Nawaz [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesu_daraz"]Gesu daraz[/url]of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulbarga"]Gulbarga[/url]. Abul Hassan had a good voice and sang well. He also had a certain innocence about him. Shah Raju, therefore, gave him the nickname of `Tana Shah' which means a child saint.[/size][size="4"] He was also known as [/size]Tani Shah[size="4"], meaning "benevolent ruler".[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]He is remembered as a popular statesman who did not discriminate against those of another ethnicity or religion. He hired [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin"]Brahmins[/url] as his ministers and generals. For example [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madanna_and_Akkanna"]Madanna and Akkanna[/url], Brahmin brothers from [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanamkonda"]Hanamkonda[/url], were his most important ministers. Tana Shah gained a place in Telugu literature due to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancharla_Gopanna"]Kancharla Gopanna[/url], nephew of Madanna. Kancharla Gopanna is famously known as "Ramadasu". Ramadasu lived in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelakondapalli"]Nelakondapalli[/url] village in Palvancha taluk. Tani Shah hired him as "[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsildar"]Tehsildar[/url]" (head of the revenue department) of Palvancha taluk. Ramadasu diverted the public funds to construct a Rama temple in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhadrachalam"]Bhadrachalam[/url] and for the jewelry for the idols of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama"]Rama[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita"]Sita[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmana"]Lakshmana[/url]. Tana Shah found Ramadasu guilty of misappropriation of public funds and put him in jail.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Earlier Tana Shah's father-in-law [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Qutb_Shah"]Abdullah Qutb Shah[/url] was forced by [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url] to acknowledge the suzerainty of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan"]Shah Jahan[/url]. And his daughter was wed to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url]'s son Sultan Muhammad.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]About the year 1683, Abul Hasan Qutb Shah appears to have become irregular in payments of taxes to the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughals"]Mughals[/url] and his relations with [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandar_Adil_Shah"]Sikandar Adil Shah[/url] also caused concern among the Mughals. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah consequently refused to be a vassal of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"]Mughal Empire[/url] and prompted [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url] to initiate a campaign to assert the rule of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughals"]Mughals[/url] on[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda"]Golconda[/url]. He attacked Golconda. With his able commanders Nawab Khwaja Abid Siddiqi (Qilich Khan) and Qaziuddin Khan Siddiqi father and grand father of Nizam I (Asaf Jah I). Tana Shah defended the fort for eight months, but Aurangazeb succeeded in capturing Golconda at the end in September 1687. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah surrendered and handed over the[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Ul-Ain_Diamond"]Nur-Ul-Ain Diamond[/url], the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Diamond"]Hope Diamond[/url], the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittelsbach_Diamond"]Wittelsbach Diamond[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Regent_Diamond"]the Regent Diamond[/url], making the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Emperor"]Mughal Emperor[/url][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb"]Aurangzeb[/url] the richest monarch in the world.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Tana Shan was taken as a prisoner and was imprisoned in the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulatabad,_Maharashtra"]Daulatabad[/url] fort (near [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad_Maharashtra"]Aurangabad[/url]) where he died in prison after 12 years of captivity. When the Sultan died, he was not buried alongside his ancestors and other Qutub Shahi kings but in a modest grave at [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuldabad"]Khuldabad[/url] near [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad_Maharashtra"]Aurangabad[/url].[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]With the defeat of Abul Hasan Qutub Shah, the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi"]Qutb Shahi[/url] dynasty ended and a new [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizam"]Nizam[/url] dynasty began in Hyderabad under the control of the Mughal Dynasty.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]After the fall of Golconda on September 22, 1687, it became a part of the six Mughal provinces in the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan"]Deccan[/url]. Mahabat Khan, who was initially the commander of the Qutb Shahi army and had switched loyalty to the Mughals, was appointed the governor of Golconda, laying the foundations for the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad_State"]Hyderabad State[/url] under the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizams"]Nizams[/url] by Aurangzeb.[/size][/color]



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Bhagmati



Bhagamati[color="#252525"][size="4"] was the Hindu wife of Muslim sultan [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]. Qutb Shah was the fifth sultan of the erstwhile[/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_Dynasty"]Qutb Shahi Dynasty[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] who ruled over the [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] region of [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India"]South India[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] in the 16th century.[/size][/color]



Early Life

[color="#252525"][size="4"]Bhagmati was born in Chichlam (around Yakutpura) in a Hindu family.[/size][/color]





Marriage

[color="#252525"][size="4"]Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah married Bhagamati in the year 1589 CE and remained with her until his death in 1611 CE. The sultan bestowed the title of Hyder Mahal on Bhagmati. Quli Qutub Shah and Hyder Mahal had a daughter named Hayat Baksh Begum, who was married to Qutub Shah's nephew Muhammed Quli. Sultan Muhammed Quli succeeded the throne soon after the death of Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah.[/size][/color]





City of Hyderabad

[color="#252525"][size="4"][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url] built a city named Bhaganagar in 1591 CE, to honor his love for Bhagmati. The city was built on the site of Chichlam, the native village of his wife, located 10 miles from [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda_Fort"]Golconda Fort[/url] on the southern banks of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musi_River_(India)"]Musi river[/url]. Qutb Shah renamed the city as [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url] in memory of his wife's later name Hyder Mahal.[/size][/color]





Death[size="2"] [/size]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Bhagmati died in 1611 CE. Mir Momin, the Peshwa (prime minister) of Mohammed Quli did not appreciate the closeness between the Sultan and Bhagmati. Therefore, he decided to ensure that Bhagmati's character is driven out of contemporary history. So much so that she did not even have a tomb built over her last remains.[/size][/color]

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Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (also [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliterated"]transliterated[/url] in different ways) ([url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu"]Urdu[/url]: جمشید قلی قطب شاہ ) was the second ruler of the Sultanate of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda[/url] under the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty"]Qutb Shahi dynasty[/url]. He ruled from 1543 to 1550.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]His father, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Quli_Qutb-ul-Mulk"]Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk[/url], had established the dynasty and had become the first [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim"]Muslim[/url] to rule over the entire [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_people"]Telugu[/url] region. In 1543, Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah assassinated his father, blinded his older brother, the heir to the throne, and forced his other brother, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Quli_Qutub_Shah"]Ibrahim Quli[/url] to flee to[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara"]Vijayanagar[/url]. Following his father's death, he did not proclaim himself sultan, but forced local chiefs to accept his suzerainty, while gaining some forts from the Baridis.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Little is known of Jamsheed's reign, but he is remembered as having been cruel. He died in 1550 from cancer.[/size][/color]



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Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah



Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[color="#252525"][size="4"] (1580–1612 CE) ([/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_language"]Urdu[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]: [/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"][size="5"]محمد قلی قطب شاہ[/size][/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"]‎) was the fifth sultan of the [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty"]Qutb Shahi dynasty[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] of [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] and founded the city of[/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"], in South-central [/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"]India[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"] and built its architectural centerpiece, the[/size][/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charminar"]Charminar[/url][color="#252525"][size="4"]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Hyderabad was named after his beloved wife Bhagamati, who was bestowed the title Hyder Mahal by the sultan.[/size][/color][color="#252525"][size="4"] He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.[/size][/color]



Birth and early life

[color="#252525"][size="4"]Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Quli_Qutb_Shah_Wali"]Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali[/url]. He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in Persian, Telugu and Urdu. As the first author in the Urdu language he composed his verses in the Persian diwan style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, gazal-i musalsal. Muhammad Quli's Kulliyat comprised 1800 pages, over half were gazals, qasidas on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of matnawi and martiyas.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"][size="2"][center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charminar-Pride_of_Hyderabad.jpg"][/url][size="3"][left][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charminar-Pride_of_Hyderabad.jpg"][/url][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charminar"]Charminar[/url] in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url] was built by Quli Qutub Shah[/left][/size][/center][/size][/size][/color]

City of Hyderabad

[color="#252525"][size="4"]Hyderabad was built on the southern bank of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musi_River_(India)"]Musi River[/url] in 1591. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah called architects from [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"]Iran[/url] to lay out the city, which was built on a grid plan. Quli Qutb Shah built a city named Bhaganagar in 1591 CE, to honor his love for [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagmati"]Bhagmati[/url]. The city was built on the site of Chichlam, the native village of his wife, located 10 miles from [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda_Fort"]Golconda Fort[/url] on the southern banks of the Musi Rver. Qutb Shah renamed the city as [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url] in memory of his wife's later name Hyder Mahal. There is another theory which states that Hyderabad was named as the City of Hyder (Brave) after the title of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali"]Fourth Caliph Ali[/url]. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah also constructed the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charminar"]Charminar[/url], the most recognizable symbol of Hyderabad.[/size][/color]





Patronage of literature

[color="#252525"][size="4"]Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"]Arabic[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language"]Persian[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language"]Telugu[/url] languages. He wrote[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry"]poetry[/url] in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu"]Urdu[/url], Persian, and Telugu. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry.[/size][/color]



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Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali (1518-1580) ([url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu"]Urdu[/url]: ابراھیم قلی قطب شاہ) was the third ruler of the kingdom of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda"]Golconda[/url] in southern [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"]India[/url]. He was the first of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty"]Qutb Shahi dynasty[/url] to use the title "Sultan". He ruled from 1550 to 1580.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]Ibrahim's brother, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamsheed_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah[/url], killed their own father and blinded their eldest brother, taking the throne in 1543. Ibrahim ran away and lived in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile"]exile[/url] as an honored guest of the powerful [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch"]patriarch[/url] of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara"]Vijayanagara[/url],[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliya_Rama_Raya"]Aliya Rama Raya[/url]. There, he developed a love for the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language"]Telugu language[/url], which he [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron"]patronized[/url] and encouraged during his [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign"]reign[/url]. Ibrahim employed Hindus for administrative, diplomatic and military purposes within his sultanate.[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]When Jamsheed and a little later Jamsheed's infant son [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhan_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Subhan[/url] throned, Ibrahim returned to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda"]Golconda[/url] and took the throne. Following the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota"]battle of Talikota[/url] in 1565, Ibrahim was able to take the hill forts of Adoni and Udayagiri. [sup] [/sup]A patron of the arts, Ibrahim sponsored many court poets, such as[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singanacharyudu&action=edit&redlink=1"]Singanacharyudu[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Addanki_Gangadharudu&action=edit&redlink=1"]Addanki Gangadharudu[/url], and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandukuru_Rudrakavi&action=edit&redlink=1"]Kandukuru Rudrakavi[/url]. There were Telugu poets, in a break from tradition, as well as [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab"]Arabic[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Empire"]Persian[/url] poets in his court. He is also known in Telugu literature as, Malki Bharama. He took keen interest in the welfare of his people. He also repaired and fortified [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golconda"]Golconda[/url] [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort"]Fort[/url]and developed the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain_Sagar"]Hussain Sagar[/url] lake and Ibrahim Bagh. He is described in one of the inscriptions on the "Makki Darwaza" in the fort as "The Greatest of Sovereigns".[/size][/color]



[color="#252525"][size="4"]After a short illness Ibrahim died in 1580.[/size][/color]



Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah WaliThe Fourth [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan"]Sultan[/url] of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty"]Qutb Shahi dynasty[/url]Reign1550–1580Born1518Died5 June 1580Predecessor[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhan_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Subhan Quli Qutb Shah[/url]Successor[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah"]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah[/url]Royal House[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkonda"]Golkonda[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India"]Hyderabad[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire"]Mughal India[/url]

(now in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh"]Andhra Pradesh[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"]India[/url])[color="#252525"] [/color]