From Babarnama...
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->On Monday, the 9th of the first JumÄda, I began my march to the holy war against the heathen.... At this station we received information that RÄna Sanka had pushed on with all his army nearly as far as BiÄna. The party that had been sent out in advance were not able to reach the fort, nor even to communicate with it.... KÄsimi, Shah MansÅ«r BirlÄs, and every man that came from BiÄna, I know not whether from fear, or for the purpose of striking a panic into the people, bestowed unbounded praise on the courage and hardihood of the pagan army. (http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=58)
On Saturday, the 14th of the first JumÄda, I marched from the vicinity of Agra, and encamped.
(next day) I had directed that the different Begs should have charge of the advance and scouts in turn. When it was Abdal-azÄ«zâs day, without taking any precautions, he advanced as far as KÄnwÄ, which is five kos from SÄ«kri. The pagans were on their march forward when they got notice of his imprudent and disorderly advance, which they no sooner learned, than a body of four or five thousand of them at once pushed on and fell upon him. Abdal-azÄ«z and Mulla ApÄk had with them about a thousand or fifteen hundred men. Without taking into consideration the numbers or position of the enemy, they immediately engaged. On the very first charge, a number of their men were taken prisoners and carried off the field.
(records various commanders of his army who lost their lives. Also records that the Hindu army did not attack his retreating soldiers)
In consequence of the bold and unexpected advance of the pagans, joined to the result of the engagement that had taken place at BiÄna, aided by the praises and encomiums passed on them by Shah MansÅ«r, KÄsimi, and those who had come from BiÄna, there was an evident alarm diffused among the troops; the defeat of Abdal-azÄ«z completed this panic.
(http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=59)
(couple of weeks passed. He appaently made a very good tactical arrangement of artilery, with ditches, waterbodies, and canons. A party from Kabul arrived for reinforcement)
While the army was yet in the state of alarm and panic that has been mentioned, in consequence of past events and of ill-timed and idle observations that had been spread abroad, that evil-minded wretch Muhammed Sherīf (an astrologer), instead of giving me any assistance, loudly proclaimed to every person whom he met in the camp, that at this time Mars was in the west, and that whoever should engage coming from the opposite quarter would be defeated. The courage of such as consulted this villainous soothsayer was consequently still further depressed.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Such were the happenings in the army of Babar. Entire army was completely depressed and afraid of Rana Sanga's side. Now Babur takes some clever actions. Between 22 and 24th of that month ->
1. He ordered a complete plunder of the nearby towns, to divert the focus.
2. He promsed to remove the taxation on muslims of India, if he is victorious in this war. He sends "firman" of this effect to various places.
3. He incites holy jihad against Hindus. tries to invoke islamic religious sentiments in the army and encourage them. Compares his war with Muhammed's wars and so on.)
Firman says (24th of the first JumÄda, year 933 - Feb 26, 1527):
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"....we have directed this holy warfare to commence with the Grand Warfare, the War against our Evil Passions. In short after saying with the tongue of truth and sincerity, O, my Creator! we have subjected our passions; fix us on thy side, for* I have written on the tablets of my heart, that now, for the first time, I have indeed become a Musulman,* I have blazoned abroad the desire to renounce wine, which was formerly hid in the treasury of my heart. And the servants, victory-adorned, in obedience to the commands which terminate in blessing, have, for the glory of religion, dashed upon the ground of contempt and ruin, and broken in pieces, the goblets, and cups, and all the utensils and vessels of silver and of gold, which, resembling in their number and splendour the stars of the lofty sky, were the ornaments of the Assembly of Wickedness,* and were like unto those idols which, God willing, we shall quickly be aided in breaking to pieces; and every fragment was thrown to a needy or helpless one. ........... And as an offering made on occasion of this sincere repentance, the sea of royal bounty has risen, and displayed the waves of liberality, which is the source of the populousness of the world, and of the glory of the sons of men. And a firmÄn has issued, renouncing, as far as concerns the Musulmans, the tamgha of all our dominions, the amount of which exceeds all limits and calculation; for although, in the time of former sultans, the usage was to levy it, yet the practice was opposite to the constitutions of the laws delivered by the holy prophets*; and orders have been given, that in no city, or town, or road, or street, or passage, or port, should the tamgha be received or levied....."
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
His address to his commanders:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->".....The Most High God has been propitious to us, and has now placed us in such a crisis,* that if we fall in the field, we die the death of martyrs; if we survive, we rise victorious, the avengers of the cause of God.* Let us, then, with one accord, swear on Godâs holy word, that none of us will even think of turning his face from this warfare, nor desert from the battle and slaughter that ensues, till his soul is separated from his body.....Master and servant, small and great, all with emulation, seizing the blessed KorÄn in their hands, swore in the form that I had given."
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
About the outcome of the above actions he took, he says that, "My plan succeeded to admiration, and its effects were instantly visible, far and near, on friend and foe." (http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=61)
Then he mentions about the Sanga's army:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->In these elephants the wretched Hindus
Were confident, like the warriors of the elephant.*
Like the evening of Death, the detested and execrable bands,
Darker than night, and more numerous than the stars,
All ascending like fire, nay, rather like smoke,
Raised their heads in hostility to the azure sky:
Like ants they issue from right and left,
Horse and foot, thousands of thousands.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
And about the outcome of war:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->All the Hindus were scattered and confounded,
With stones,like the warriors of the elephant.
Many hills of their bodies were seen,
And from each hill flowed a rivulet of running blood.
From the dread of the arrows of the ranks full of grandeur,
They were flying and running
to every field and hill.
They go backwards in flight. And the event happened as it had been ordained of Fate. And now the praise be to God, who is All-hearing and All-wise; and except from whom there is no help, for he is great and powerful. For love of the Faith I became a wanderer in the desert, I became the antagonist of Pagans and Hindus,
I strove* to make myself a martyr; (However) Thanks be to the Almighty who has made me a GhÄzi (victorious over the enemies of the Faith).
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->On Monday, the 9th of the first JumÄda, I began my march to the holy war against the heathen.... At this station we received information that RÄna Sanka had pushed on with all his army nearly as far as BiÄna. The party that had been sent out in advance were not able to reach the fort, nor even to communicate with it.... KÄsimi, Shah MansÅ«r BirlÄs, and every man that came from BiÄna, I know not whether from fear, or for the purpose of striking a panic into the people, bestowed unbounded praise on the courage and hardihood of the pagan army. (http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=58)
On Saturday, the 14th of the first JumÄda, I marched from the vicinity of Agra, and encamped.
(next day) I had directed that the different Begs should have charge of the advance and scouts in turn. When it was Abdal-azÄ«zâs day, without taking any precautions, he advanced as far as KÄnwÄ, which is five kos from SÄ«kri. The pagans were on their march forward when they got notice of his imprudent and disorderly advance, which they no sooner learned, than a body of four or five thousand of them at once pushed on and fell upon him. Abdal-azÄ«z and Mulla ApÄk had with them about a thousand or fifteen hundred men. Without taking into consideration the numbers or position of the enemy, they immediately engaged. On the very first charge, a number of their men were taken prisoners and carried off the field.
(records various commanders of his army who lost their lives. Also records that the Hindu army did not attack his retreating soldiers)
In consequence of the bold and unexpected advance of the pagans, joined to the result of the engagement that had taken place at BiÄna, aided by the praises and encomiums passed on them by Shah MansÅ«r, KÄsimi, and those who had come from BiÄna, there was an evident alarm diffused among the troops; the defeat of Abdal-azÄ«z completed this panic.
(http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=59)
(couple of weeks passed. He appaently made a very good tactical arrangement of artilery, with ditches, waterbodies, and canons. A party from Kabul arrived for reinforcement)
While the army was yet in the state of alarm and panic that has been mentioned, in consequence of past events and of ill-timed and idle observations that had been spread abroad, that evil-minded wretch Muhammed Sherīf (an astrologer), instead of giving me any assistance, loudly proclaimed to every person whom he met in the camp, that at this time Mars was in the west, and that whoever should engage coming from the opposite quarter would be defeated. The courage of such as consulted this villainous soothsayer was consequently still further depressed.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Such were the happenings in the army of Babar. Entire army was completely depressed and afraid of Rana Sanga's side. Now Babur takes some clever actions. Between 22 and 24th of that month ->
1. He ordered a complete plunder of the nearby towns, to divert the focus.
2. He promsed to remove the taxation on muslims of India, if he is victorious in this war. He sends "firman" of this effect to various places.
3. He incites holy jihad against Hindus. tries to invoke islamic religious sentiments in the army and encourage them. Compares his war with Muhammed's wars and so on.)
Firman says (24th of the first JumÄda, year 933 - Feb 26, 1527):
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->"....we have directed this holy warfare to commence with the Grand Warfare, the War against our Evil Passions. In short after saying with the tongue of truth and sincerity, O, my Creator! we have subjected our passions; fix us on thy side, for* I have written on the tablets of my heart, that now, for the first time, I have indeed become a Musulman,* I have blazoned abroad the desire to renounce wine, which was formerly hid in the treasury of my heart. And the servants, victory-adorned, in obedience to the commands which terminate in blessing, have, for the glory of religion, dashed upon the ground of contempt and ruin, and broken in pieces, the goblets, and cups, and all the utensils and vessels of silver and of gold, which, resembling in their number and splendour the stars of the lofty sky, were the ornaments of the Assembly of Wickedness,* and were like unto those idols which, God willing, we shall quickly be aided in breaking to pieces; and every fragment was thrown to a needy or helpless one. ........... And as an offering made on occasion of this sincere repentance, the sea of royal bounty has risen, and displayed the waves of liberality, which is the source of the populousness of the world, and of the glory of the sons of men. And a firmÄn has issued, renouncing, as far as concerns the Musulmans, the tamgha of all our dominions, the amount of which exceeds all limits and calculation; for although, in the time of former sultans, the usage was to levy it, yet the practice was opposite to the constitutions of the laws delivered by the holy prophets*; and orders have been given, that in no city, or town, or road, or street, or passage, or port, should the tamgha be received or levied....."
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
His address to his commanders:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->".....The Most High God has been propitious to us, and has now placed us in such a crisis,* that if we fall in the field, we die the death of martyrs; if we survive, we rise victorious, the avengers of the cause of God.* Let us, then, with one accord, swear on Godâs holy word, that none of us will even think of turning his face from this warfare, nor desert from the battle and slaughter that ensues, till his soul is separated from his body.....Master and servant, small and great, all with emulation, seizing the blessed KorÄn in their hands, swore in the form that I had given."
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
About the outcome of the above actions he took, he says that, "My plan succeeded to admiration, and its effects were instantly visible, far and near, on friend and foe." (http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?fi...1052&ct=61)
Then he mentions about the Sanga's army:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->In these elephants the wretched Hindus
Were confident, like the warriors of the elephant.*
Like the evening of Death, the detested and execrable bands,
Darker than night, and more numerous than the stars,
All ascending like fire, nay, rather like smoke,
Raised their heads in hostility to the azure sky:
Like ants they issue from right and left,
Horse and foot, thousands of thousands.
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
And about the outcome of war:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->All the Hindus were scattered and confounded,
With stones,like the warriors of the elephant.
Many hills of their bodies were seen,
And from each hill flowed a rivulet of running blood.
From the dread of the arrows of the ranks full of grandeur,
They were flying and running
to every field and hill.
They go backwards in flight. And the event happened as it had been ordained of Fate. And now the praise be to God, who is All-hearing and All-wise; and except from whom there is no help, for he is great and powerful. For love of the Faith I became a wanderer in the desert, I became the antagonist of Pagans and Hindus,
I strove* to make myself a martyr; (However) Thanks be to the Almighty who has made me a GhÄzi (victorious over the enemies of the Faith).
<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->