harappa.com/content/beginnings-indian-astronomy-reference-parallel-development-china
So even Parpola admits no Mesopotamian origins for Vedic (let alone Chinese) lunar-solar calendars, astronomy and cosmology.
That the Chinese and Vedic systems were convergent evolution is easy enough to conclude, since the Chinese show their working (how they derived their systems) and it's vastly different.
But Chinese heathenism (Taoism) always provides independent proof of other heathenism (particularly of heathen conclusions in Vedic religio; and so Hindoo heathenism in its turn therefore provides independent proof of Taoism).
Quote:Beginnings of Indian Astronomy with Reference to a Parallel Development in China
Asko Parpola
Above: Kot Diji phase steatite button seal from Harappa
Abstract
Hypotheses of a Mesopotamian origin for the Vedic and Chinese star calendars are unfounded. The Yangshao culture burials discovered at Puyang in 1987 suggest that the beginnings of Chinese astronomy go back to the late fourth millennium. The instructive similarities between the Chinese and Indian luni-solar calendrical astronomy and cosmology therefore with great likelihood result from convergent parallel development and not from diffusion.
(Sort of the striking similarities between Taoism and Vedic religion - e.g. Sankhyam (the original=theistic kind) in both - being independent yet very alike at surface level. Details differ, as always.)
Introduction
In what follows, I propose that the first Indian stellar calendar, perhaps restricted to the quadrant stars, was created by Early Harappans around 3000 BCE, and that the heliacal rise of Aldebaran at vernal equinox marked the new year. The grid-pattern town of Rahman Dheri was oriented to the cardinal directions, defined by observing the place of the sunrise at the horizon throughout the year, and by geometrical means, as evidenced by the motif of intersecting circles. Early Harappan seals and painted pottery suggest that the sun and the centre of the four directions symbolized royal power.
Note: The early steatite seal above plays an illustrative role in the author's thesis.
So even Parpola admits no Mesopotamian origins for Vedic (let alone Chinese) lunar-solar calendars, astronomy and cosmology.
That the Chinese and Vedic systems were convergent evolution is easy enough to conclude, since the Chinese show their working (how they derived their systems) and it's vastly different.
But Chinese heathenism (Taoism) always provides independent proof of other heathenism (particularly of heathen conclusions in Vedic religio; and so Hindoo heathenism in its turn therefore provides independent proof of Taoism).